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Reading and Writings in Philippine History [Module 1]
Last updated 4:49 AM on 2/14/23
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166 Terms
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*historia*
**History** was derived from the Greek word?
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"knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation"
*historia* means?
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*historia*
It means "knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation."
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Greek
History comes from what language of word?
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History
**It** is the study of the past.
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prehistory
Events occurring before the invention of writing systems are considered _______.
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History
It is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of information about these events.
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historians
Scholars who focus on history are called _____**.**
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historians
Its role is to place the past in context, using sources from moments and events, and filling in the gaps to the best of their ability.
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FALSE
Correct:
Written documents are not the only sources historians use to develop their understanding of the past. They also use material objects, oral accounts, ecological markers, art, and artifacts as historical sources.
Correct:
Written documents are not the only sources historians use to develop their understanding of the past. They also use material objects, oral accounts, ecological markers, art, and artifacts as historical sources.
Written documents are the only sources historians use to develop their understanding of the past.
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TRUE OR FALSE
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TRUE OR FALSE
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academic discipline
History also includes the _______ which uses narrative to describe, examine, question, and analyze a sequence of past events, investigate the patterns of cause and effect that are related to them.
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narratives
Historians seek to understand and represent the past through _____.
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cultural heritage or legends
Stories common to a particular culture, but not supported by external sources (such as the tales surrounding King Arthur), are usually classified as ____________.
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Herodotus
He is a 5th-century BC Greek historian (*pictured above*) is often considered (within the Western tradition) to be the "Father of history," or, by some, the "Father of lies."
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FALSE
Correct:
Herodutus is a 5th-century BC Greek historian
Correct:
Herodutus is a 5th-century BC Greek historian
Herodutus is a 6th-century BC Greek historian.
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TRUE OR FALSE
\
\
TRUE OR FALSE
\
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FALSE
Correct:
Herodutus is a 5th-century BC Greek historian
Correct:
Herodutus is a 5th-century BC Greek historian
Herodutus is a 5th-century BC Latin historian.
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TRUE OR FALSE
\
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TRUE OR FALSE
\
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Thucydides
He helped form the foundations for the modern study of human history.
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a.) culture-focused
Herodotus is ?
a.) culture-focused
b.) military-focused
a.) culture-focused
b.) military-focused
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b.) military-focused
Thucydides is?
a.) culture-focused
b.) military-focused
a.) culture-focused
b.) military-focused
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History
It is science of human societies.
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Historiography
It is refers to the study of history, philosophy, and methodology of history.
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History
It is also a scientific field of study that involves a lot of critical thinking, analysis, statistics, and more.
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Non-Historian
\[Historian or Non-Historian\]
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They often say that “history repeats itself” or that “things were always this way.”
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They often say that “history repeats itself” or that “things were always this way.”
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Historian
\[Historian or Non-Historian\]
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They say that history is the study of change over time, and it covers all aspects of human society.
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They say that history is the study of change over time, and it covers all aspects of human society.
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Non-Historian
\[Historian or Non-Historian\]
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They often romanticize the past and speak of the “good old days” when they believe that things were generally better than at present.
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They often romanticize the past and speak of the “good old days” when they believe that things were generally better than at present.
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Historian
\[Historian or Non-Historian\]
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They say that history is exclusively as a story of \n progress with everything constantly improving.
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They say that history is exclusively as a story of \n progress with everything constantly improving.
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Non-Historian
\[Historian or Non-Historian\]
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They derive information mainly from television, movies, and the internet as well as some books or magazines. They generally accept any sources uncritically as long as the source is interesting.
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They derive information mainly from television, movies, and the internet as well as some books or magazines. They generally accept any sources uncritically as long as the source is interesting.
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Historians
\[Historian or Non-Historian\]
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They know that all sources, even those original to a particular historical time period, have some \n biases, omissions, contradictions, or various other limitations.
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They know that all sources, even those original to a particular historical time period, have some \n biases, omissions, contradictions, or various other limitations.
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Non-Historian
\[Historian or Non-Historian\]
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They read books or watch documentaries of their choice.
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They read books or watch documentaries of their choice.
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Historians
\[Historian or Non-Historian\]
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They read books or watch documentaries go to archives in search of original records.
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They read books or watch documentaries go to archives in search of original records.
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Non-Historian
\[Historian or Non-Historian\]
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They assume that historians have always approached history the same way.
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They assume that historians have always approached history the same way.
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Historians
\[Historian or Non-Historian\]
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They know that the philosophy and methodology of history have changed over time and will keep changing.
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They know that the philosophy and methodology of history have changed over time and will keep changing.
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Non-historians
\[Historian or Non-Historian\]
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They often make broad generalizations about people, ideas, events, or time periods in \n history.
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They often make broad generalizations about people, ideas, events, or time periods in \n history.
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Historians
\[Historian or Non-Historian\]
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They tend to focus more on the specific, detailed developments that underpin the generalizations, and sometimes question or reject the generalizations themselves.
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They tend to focus more on the specific, detailed developments that underpin the generalizations, and sometimes question or reject the generalizations themselves.
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Non-historians
\[Historian or Non-Historian\]
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____ may assume that time periods are fixed and absolute.
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____ may assume that time periods are fixed and absolute.
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Historians
\[Historian or Non-Historian\]
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They have various ways of organizing history thematically and chronologically.
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They have various ways of organizing history thematically and chronologically.
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National Historical Institute
National Historical Commission of the Philippines Institute is formerly known as?
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***"A Filipino society with citizens informed of their history, who love their country and are proud of their cultural heritage"***
The slogan of National Historical Commission of the Philippines Institute is?
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1. History Helps Us Understand People and Societies.
2. History Helps Us Understand Change and How the Society We Live in Came to Be.
3. History is Important in Our Own Lives.
4. History Contributes to Moral Understanding.
5. History Provides Identity.
6. Studying History Is Essential for Good Citizenship.
7. History Develops in the Students the Ability to Assess Evidence.
8. History Develops in the Students the Ability to Assess Conflicting Interpretations.
9. History Is Useful in Your Career and in the World of Work.
Enumerate reasons why we study history?
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Primary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Autobiographies and memoirs
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* Autobiographies and memoirs
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Primary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Diaries, personal letters, and correspondence
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* Diaries, personal letters, and correspondence
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Primary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Interviews, surveys, and fieldwork
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* Interviews, surveys, and fieldwork
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Primary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Internet communications on email, blogs, listservs, and newsgroups
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* Internet communications on email, blogs, listservs, and newsgroups
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Primary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Photographs, drawings, and posters
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* Photographs, drawings, and posters
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Primary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Works of art and literature
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* Works of art and literature
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Primary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Books, magazine and newspaper articles and ads published at the time
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* Books, magazine and newspaper articles and ads published at the time
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Primary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Public opinion polls
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* Public opinion polls
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Primary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Speeches and oral histories
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* Speeches and oral histories
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Primary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Original documents (birth certificates, property deeds, trial transcripts)
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* Original documents (birth certificates, property deeds, trial transcripts)
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Primary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Research data, such as census statistics
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* Research data, such as census statistics
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Primary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Official and unofficial records of organizations and government agencies
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* Official and unofficial records of organizations and government agencies
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Primary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Artifacts of all kinds, such as tools, coins, clothing, furniture, etc.
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* Artifacts of all kinds, such as tools, coins, clothing, furniture, etc.
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Primary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Audio recordings, DVDs, and video recordings
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* Audio recordings, DVDs, and video recordings
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Primary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Government documents (reports, bills, proclamations, hearings, etc.)
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* Government documents (reports, bills, proclamations, hearings, etc.)
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Primary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Patents
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* Patents
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Primary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Technical reports
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* Technical reports
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Primary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Scientific journal articles reporting experimental research results
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* Scientific journal articles reporting experimental research results
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Secondary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Bibliographies
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* Bibliographies
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Secondary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Biographical works
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* Biographical works
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Secondary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Reference books, including dictionaries, encyclopedias, and atlases
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* Reference books, including dictionaries, encyclopedias, and atlases
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Secondary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Articles from magazines, journals, and newspapers after the event
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* Articles from magazines, journals, and newspapers after the event
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Secondary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Literature reviews and review articles (e.g., movie reviews, book reviews)
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* Literature reviews and review articles (e.g., movie reviews, book reviews)
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Secondary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* History books and other popular or scholarly books
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* History books and other popular or scholarly books
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Secondary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Works of criticism and interpretation
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* Works of criticism and interpretation
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Secondary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Commentaries and treatises
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* Commentaries and treatises
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Secondary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Textbooks
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* Textbooks
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Secondary Source
\[Primary Source or Secondary Source\]
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* Indexes and abstracts
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* Indexes and abstracts
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TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
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Any leftover of the past can be considered a **source.**
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Any leftover of the past can be considered a **source.**
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FALSE
\
Correct:
Sources only become historical evidence, however, when they are interpreted by the historian to make sense of the past.
\
Correct:
Sources only become historical evidence, however, when they are interpreted by the historian to make sense of the past.
TRUE OR FALSE
Sources can become historical evidence even they are not interpreted by the historian to make sense of the past.
Sources can become historical evidence even they are not interpreted by the historian to make sense of the past.
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* Primary Sources
* Secondary Sources
* Secondary Sources
Enumerate 2 classifications of Historical Sources.
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Primary sources
**______** are those produced at the same time as the event, period, or subject being studied.
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Secondary sources
**______** are those which are produced by an author who used primary sources to produce the material.
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FALSE
\
Correct:
Historians rely heavily on primary historical data (direct accounts of events, archival data - official documents, personal records, and records of eyewitnesses) and less frequently on secondary historical data (information from persons who didn’t witness the event; e.g. textbooks, newspapers, encyclopedias).
\
Correct:
Historians rely heavily on primary historical data (direct accounts of events, archival data - official documents, personal records, and records of eyewitnesses) and less frequently on secondary historical data (information from persons who didn’t witness the event; e.g. textbooks, newspapers, encyclopedias).
TRUE OR FALE
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Historians rely heavily on secondary historical data and less frequently on primary historical data.
\
\
Historians rely heavily on secondary historical data and less frequently on primary historical data.
\
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Thucydides
He is the pioneer of the Historical Criticism of historical data.
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Thucydides
He was acclaimed as the “Father of the Scientific History” due to his splendid work on “The History of Peloponessian War”.
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historical criticism
Evaluation of **historical data** and information is often referred to as **____.**
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historical evidence
The reliable **data** yielded by the evaluation of historical data and information are known as **______**.
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Historical evidence
**______** is derived from **historical data** by the process of **criticism.**
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criticism
**Historical** evidence is derived from **historical data** by the process of **_____.**
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* External Criticism
* Internal Criticism
* Internal Criticism
Enumerate two types of criticism.
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External Criticism
It is the practice of verifying the authenticity of evidence by examining its physical characteristics of the time when it was produced; and the materials used for the evidence.
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External Criticism
Here, evidence is examined based on physical characteristics like materials used for the evidence, the structure, layout and the design are scrutinized also.
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External Criticism
Involves finding out if the sources material is genuine and if passes textual integrity.
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External criticism
It evaluates the validity of the document this is,where and by whom it was produced.
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Internal Criticism
It is the examination of the truthfulness of the evidence.
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Internal Criticism
It looks at the truthfulness and factuality of the evidence by looking at the author of the source and its context.
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Internal criticism
With this, it evaluates the meaning accuracy and truth worthiness of the content of document.
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* Accuracy
* Authority
* Objectivity
* Currency
* Coverage
* Authority
* Objectivity
* Currency
* Coverage
Enumerate the Criteria in Analyzing a Historical Source
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Accuracy
Determine what criteria in analyzing a historical source does this belong.
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* The historical event posted and accompanying interpretation is accurate and verifiable
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* The historical event posted and accompanying interpretation is accurate and verifiable
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Accuracy
Determine what criteria in analyzing a historical source does this belong.
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* Make sure author provides e-mail or a contact address/phone number.
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* Make sure author provides e-mail or a contact address/phone number.
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Accuracy
Determine what criteria in analyzing a historical source does this belong.
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* Know the distinction between author and Webmaster.
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* Know the distinction between author and Webmaster.
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Authority
Determine what criteria in analyzing a historical source does this belong.
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What credentials are listed for the authors?
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What credentials are listed for the authors?
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Authority
Determine what criteria in analyzing a historical source does this belong.
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Are they educated to be or trained in historiography?
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Are they educated to be or trained in historiography?
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Authority
Determine what criteria in analyzing a historical source does this belong.
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* Where is the document published and verified?
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* Where is the document published and verified?
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Objectivity
Determine what criteria in analyzing a historical source does this belong.
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* Determine if page is a mask for advertising; if so information might be biased.
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* Determine if page is a mask for advertising; if so information might be biased.
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Objectivity
Determine what criteria in analyzing a historical source does this belong.
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* View any Web page as you would an infomercial on television. Ask yourself why was this written and for whom?
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* View any Web page as you would an infomercial on television. Ask yourself why was this written and for whom?
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Objectivity
Determine what criteria in analyzing a historical source does this belong.
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* Check if there are monetary matters or motivation behind the motive of posting
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* Check if there are monetary matters or motivation behind the motive of posting
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Currency
Determine what criteria in analyzing a historical source does this belong.
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* Is the post current or latest?
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* Is the post current or latest?
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Currency
Determine what criteria in analyzing a historical source does this belong.
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When was it produced?
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When was it produced?
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Currency
Determine what criteria in analyzing a historical source does this belong.
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When was it updated?
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When was it updated?
Note 
Flashcards (20)