APUSH UNIT 3

French and Indian War

French encroachment on English colonies in the Ohio River Valley

Continental Congress

Ben Franklin proposes a more centralized government with the Albany Plan of Union

Peace of Paris

Ends the Revolutionary War

Royal Proclamation of 1763

Forbade colonists from westward expansion; largely ignored

Salutary neglect

Parliament largely ignores the colonies and creates a sense of independence

Navigation acts

Limits colonial trade to only Britain

Quartering acts

Colonists required to house and feed soldiers

Sugar act

Increased taxes on luxury items like coffee and wine

Stamp act

All paper items are taxed

Sons and daughters of liberty

Radical groups that opposed British taxation

Stamp Act Congress

Protests against no taxation without representation ending in repeals

Declaratory acts

Parliament maintains the ability to pass whatever taxes deemed necessary

Townsend acts

All imports are taxed

Boston Tea Party

Results in the coercive or intolerable acts

Continental Congress

Appoints GW to general and approves a national army

Enlightenment

Influences the separation of powers and social contract by introducing natural rights

Loyalists

Opposed the idea of American independence

Battle of Saratoga

American win that convinced the French to provide aid

Battle of Yorktown

Forced British surrender and inspired French and Haitian revolutions

Articles of Confederation

Limited federal power to only legislation; limited ability to enforce taxes

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Allowed territories to apply for statehood and abolished slavery in the Northwest territory

Shay’s Rebellion

Highlighted the weakness of the articles — petitions to relieve taxes — government couldn’t raise an army to stop the farmers

Constitutional Convention

Federalists fought for a stronger central government, anti feds pushed for more state power

Virginia plan

State representation by population

New Jersey Plan

States are all represented equally

Great Compromise

Split legislation into two houses — house of reps (population) and senate (2 per state)

3/5s Compromise

Limited southern voting power by accounting slaves for 3/5s of a vote

Federalist Papers

Essays that sought to persuade the public to support a centralized government — forced to implement a bill of rights first

Republican Motherhood

Mothers are most influential by raising good sons

Alexander Hamilton

Secretary of Treasury, consolidated state debts into federal debts, created the national bank

Elastic clause

Allowed for the creation of a national bank by claiming it was “necessary and proper”

Whiskey Rebellion

Poor farmers assaulted tax collectors and George Washington crushed them with the new ability to raise an army

Alien and Sedition Acts

Ability to deport non-citizens targeting the Irish and Scottish, illegal to criticize the government

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Laws can be nullified if they are considered to be “federal overreach”

Indian trade and intercourse act

Caused by western migration, regulated relations, ignored

Pinkney Treaty

Finalized a border between Spain and America