ibush colonization to constitution

good luck guys

navigation act of 1651/1660

only british vessels can transport goods to and from american colonies, european goods go to britain for tariffs before transportation to america

townshend acts of 1767

raised duties on paper, paint, white lead, and tea instead of direct tax

stamp act of 1765

stamp tax on anything printed (later repealed), offenders taken to admiralty courts

declaratory act of 1766

replacing the repealed stamp act, parliament enforces absolute sovereignity - britain’s right to tax and legislate colonies in all cases whatsoever

quebec act of 1774

protecting french catholicism and brings back old boundaries, angered protestant colonists

sugar act of 1764

raised duty on foreign sugar

salutary neglect

colony has no expense so colonizer (england) doesn’t care, trade laws are loosely enforced allowing for colonial autonomy

proclamation of 1763

colonizers don’t move past boundary line west of colonies, both pontiacs and british are happy (not enforced and actively violated)

quartering act of 1765

colonies must provide food and quarters for troops

intolerable acts

harsh laws passed by british parliament following the boston tea party to punish massachusetts (quartering/port acts)

the association

called for a complete boycott of british goods following the first continental congress after the intolerable acts

tea act of 1773

british east india company can sell tea directly to america without british tax, lowering prices

admiralty courts

offenders (smugglers/violators) of the stamp/sugar acts were taken to this court without a jury

boston massacre of 1770

troops open fire on taunting citizens without orders, killing and wounding 11 - leads to propaganda by paul revere

non-importation agreements

united the people of the american colonies, british goods are boycotted (enforced by sons/daughters of liberty) so british merchants pressure parliament to repeal stamp act

writs of assistance

general search warrants used by british authorities to search colonial properties for smuggled goods without a warrant or probable cause

first continental congress of 1774

called following the intolerable acts, establishing the association

sons and daughters of liberty

enforced the nonimportation agreements

valley forge 1777-1778

battle against british troops where untrained colonizer soldiers freeze and starve to death

camp followers

women in the colonies war efforts that cook and sew for troops

second continental congress of 1775

called following the battle of concord, establishing continental army and appointing washington as commander + adopted declaration of independence

battle of lexington of 1775

battle against the british resulting in american defeat ; american soldiers fall back into concord leading british into a trap (battle of concord, american victory)

1761 writ of assistance

british customs can search colonial ships and homes

british mercantilism

wealth is power through gold and silver exports / colonies supply goods back to britain

land ordinance of 1785

old northwest land is sold to help with national debt following american independence

northwest ordinance of 1787

land of the old northwest is subordinate to the federal government ; stateship is granted when a population exceeds 60000

shay’s rebellion of 1786

agitated farmers rebel following intranation tension due to tax and debt, shows need for strong central government

great compromise

created bicameral congress - larger states have representation by population while smaller states have equal representation in senate + every tax bill and revenue measure originates in house

new jersey plan

called for equal representation in congress regardless of size/population under existing aoc

virginia’s plan

called for representation based on population

electoral college

indirect electors of the president

bill of rights of 1791

constitutional amendments provided by madison safeguarding american principles including freedom of religion/speech/press, right to bear arms/jury/redress, prohibits cruel/unusual punishment and arbitary property seizure

whiskey rebellion of 1794

pennsylvanians saw whiskey as economic necessity and medium of exchange, rebelled bc of excise tax

franco american alliance of 1778

colonies and france are officially allies following first official american victory in battle of saratoga

committees of correspondence of 1772

organized by radical colonists spreading resistance spirit through exchanging letters following the boston massacre, led to first continental congress

pontiacs rebellion of 1763

native american uprising against british rule, leads to proclamation of 1763

declaration of independence of 1776

original founding document of the united states

2 party system

jeffersonian democratic-republicans vs hamiltonian federalists

federalist papers

85 articles/essays written by hamilton, jay and madison (federalist propaganda) urging ratification of the constitution

judiciary act of 1789

established structure of the us federal court system and office of attorney general

treaty of paris 1763

treaty formally ending the seven years war and recognized us independence

neutrality act of 1793

official american government neutrality and warning citizens to be impartial towards both britain and france, enraged pro-french jeffersonians,

virginia and kentucky resolutions

established by madison and jefferson following the alien and sedition acts, states have the right to nullify federal law

alien and sedition acts

poor immigrants from europe are antifederalists, so years of residency to citizenship is increased from 5 to 14 to keep af out of adams’ next election, published media can’t say anything bad about the government (both expire after adams’ term)

pinckney’s treaty of 1795

(came out of jay’s treaty) agreement between us and spain - set us southern boundary at 31st parallel, americans can navigate mississippi river, right to use new orleans port duty-free

old northwest

public domain american land

articles of confederation of 1777

first frame of us government before independence is declared - more antifederalist, government lacked the ability to tax and regulate commerce

convention of 1800

ends the quasi-war with france + ended franco-american alliance

constitution of 1789

second frame of us government after articles of confederation, defined foundational structure of federal government

monroe doctrine of 1823

european powers must stay out of newly independent american nations, us would not interfere w/ european affairs or existing european colonies in americas

executive privilege

right of the us president and other members of the executive branch to maintain confidential communications

cabinet

group of people with the constitutional or legal task to advise a head of state

political asylum

the protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee

national debt

the amount of money the federal government has borrowed to cover the outstanding balance of expenses incurred over time (hamilton assumes state debt)

bank of america

proposed by hamilton - private institution and strongbox for central government under the belief of the elastic clause

protective tariffs

taxes on imports to encourage american manufacturing

jay’s treaty of 1974

chief justice john jay sent to negotiate w/ british - british evacuate us soil and pay ship damages, binding us to pay pre-revolution merchant debts - seems like straight surrender to jeffersonians