kinship is traced through mother’s family-property passed from mother to daughter
matrilineal descent
father holds authority
patriarchy
What is NOT a function of a family
social integration
Which of these would be an example of a CULT? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
scientology
Which of these would NOT be characteristics of a cult leader?
empathetic
kinship is traced through father’s family-property passed from father to son
Patrilineal descent
Cults based on an established religion, but they have branched off from accepted beliefs. Which type of cult is this?
religious
marriage of one woman to multiple partners
polyandry
The leaders are trying to get rich by promising their followers that they will get rich, generally by purchasing courses and products to sell for the leaders. Which type of cult is this?
commerical
marriage with multiple partners
polygamy
mother holds authority
matriarchy
kinship traced through both parents- property inherited from either side of family
bilateral descent
This involves family, friends, and a specialist confronting the cult member and educating him/her on the tactics of cults
intervention
new religion whose beliefs are practices differ markedly from those of society’s major religions
cult
Which era was education founded after?
industrialization
They are mystical in nature with leaders who generally present themselves as hyper-spiritual. They use magic and believe humanity is divine. Which type of cult is this?
new age
Which of these is NOT a trend in Marriage?
traditional beliefs
small exclusive group which people are not usually born into you voluntary join
sect
The leader claims to be the embodiment of evil, and the groups worship Satan through sacrifice, cutting, and other rituals. Which type of cult is this?
satanic
offshoots of established churches (baptists, methodists)
denomination
focuses on the ways in which traditional notions about family perpetuate social equality
conflict perspective
marriage between one man and one woman
monogamy
marriage of one man to multiple woman
polyandry
couple lives with or near the husband’s parents
patrilocality
couple lives with or near the wife’s parents
matrilocality
couple decides which parents to live with or near
biolocality
couple lives apart from both sets of parents
neolocality
authority shared between mother and father
egalitarian
groups of people who are related by genetics, marriage, or choice that share material, emotional, or economic resources
family
social bond based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption
kinship
family not based on blood but by CHOICE
fictive kinship
legally recognized relationships usually involving economic, social, emotional, and sexual bonds
marriage
Regulation of sexual activity
Incest taboo: norm forbiding sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives
Reproduction
Replace members who die/move away
Socialization
Teaching children the ways and values of society
Economic and emotional security
Division of labor- usually based on gender
Division of labor ensures needs of the family are met
Functionalist perspective of family
Marriage and family relationships are based on shared understandings of their situations
Participate in activities to build emotional bonds (family meals, holidays)
Different styles of communication
Parents are main factors of socialization for norms and values → religion, cultural beliefs
Romantic love in US
symbolic perspective of family
Family contributes to social inequality by reinforcing economic inequality and patriarchy
Economic inequality – working poor and poverty vs. middle class
Feminist perspective- → examples: not allowed to divorce, own property, marital rape, domestic violence
Lack of emotional support disharmony, violence
conflict perspective of family
Delayed marriage → society blames it on
Cohabitation: living together while having a sexual relationship while not being married
Delayed childbearing/childlessness
Sandwich Generation: caught between the needs of children and parents
Voluntary childlessness
One parent households
Dual-earner marriages
Remarriage
trends in marriage/family
consists of the roles and norms that ensure the transmission of knowledge, values, and patterns of behavior from one generation to the next → institution
education
formal education, which involves instruction by specially trained teachers who follow officially recognized policies
schooling
Believe that the functions performed by education work to maintain and perpetuate the stability and smooth operation of society
Teach knowledge and skills
Transmission of culture
Social integration
Occupational placement
function of education
Believes that it serves to sort students into social ranks and limit the potential of certain individuals and groups to gain power and social rewards
Social control: hidden curriculum (values, obedience to authority and be on time) and tracking (assigned to certain programs based off of performance)
Education and socioeconomic status: education is tied to socioeconomic status (higher expectations, more opportunities, can afford college)
conflict within education
Believes that they observe how people in schools relate to one another and how they share meanings
Student-teacher interaction: might perform differently based off of teacher expectations, socioeconomic status and self-fulfilling prophecy
Interactions among students: peer pressure can affect student achievement
interaction within education
the socialization of institutions
religion
well establish religious body NOT A BUILDING (old, global religions)
church
Universal appeal; members from all social classes
Complex hierarchy of paid officials
Huge national or international 4 accept the norms and values of society; usually close relationship to the State
The level of members; involvement varies; often members don’t need to do much at all
Claims a monopoly on truth
features of a Church
examples of Church
judaism, the Roman Catholic Church, Islam, Hinduism
Membership tends to be from the middle-classes
Hierarchy of paid officials; bureaucratic
National or international
Do not identify with the state
Little pressure on members to participate
Do not claim a monopoly of truth; usually practice religious tolerance
features of a denomination
examples of denominations
methodists, baptists, pentecostals, lutheran
Membership from lower social classes
No hierarchical structure; usually 1 charismatic leader
Challenge the norms and values of culture; oppose the state
Members are supposed to be highly involved
Claims a monopoly on truth
features of sect
examples of sect
Jehovah’s Witness, Mormons, Amish
Social cohesion
Religion encourages the strengthening of bonds among people
Ex. participating in religious ceremony
Social control
Religion encourages conformity to the norms and values of society
Ex. being nice, stealing is wrong
Emotional support
Religion often provides comfort in times of personal suffering or natural disaster
Ex. funeral, divorce
functions of religion
beliefs are seen by most of society as being “strange” or unorthodox
members show unusual or excessive devotion to some person, idea, or thing
leaders use unethical and/or manipulative methods of persuasion and control to advance the goals of the group leaders
3 aspects Sociologists assign to cults
cults based on an established religion, but they have branched off from accepted beliefs
religious
they are mystical in nature with leaders who generally present themselves as hyper-spiritual and use magic/believe humanity is divine
new age
believe that some major event is just around the corner
doomsday
groups that believe in UFOs and that aliens are responsible for our creation, salvation or destruction
other world
leader claims to be embodiment of evil, worship Satan through sacrifice
satanic
leaders trying to get rich by promising their followers that they will get rich (purchasing courses and products to sell)
commercial
the group either follows a political ideology or a leader whom they believe to be flawless
political
-claimed to be Jesus Christ
-Savior and above the law
Charles Manson
-convinced followers to murder young boys because of her revelation that all males born after 1981 were born
Valentina de Andrade
convinced 39 of his followers to commit suicide
Marshall Applewhite
led a polygamist community and engaged in rape and pedophilia in that capacity
Warren Jeffs
killed one of his followers when he threatened to reveal refugee girls were being used as sex slaves
swami premananda
has all the answers
charismatic
demanding
controlling
possibly abusive
characteristics of cult leaders
seduction: “reeling” people in by giving them a sense of purpose or belonging/safe place where they’re important and accepted
persuasion involves prize of some sort that only members can receive. if person joins or buys-in, they will get prize
fascination: prospects lose their doubts/generally connect with cult leader/hooked
3 phases of cult recruitment
traumatic or deprived childhood
low self-esteem
alienated
personal crisis
transitional (freshmen/seniors/out of work)
unaware that they can be manipulated
6 characteristics that could potentially put people at risk to join cults
involves family members or friends stepping in and removing a loved one from a cult against his or her will
deprogramming
involves family, friends, and a specialist confronting the cult member and educating him or her on tactics of cults
intervention
session held by a professional counselor to help reeducate the cult member
exit counseling
have emergency bag packed
have a place to stay lined up
seek out family and former friends
seek professional help/support group
involve police, if necessary
understand cult friends want nothing with you
advice for leaving cult
individual’s life is meaningless
cult members: good
cult teachings sacred
only people in cult can be saved
4 strategies cults employ to keep people in a cult
Charles Manson: kind of cult?
New Age/Political (utilization of political conditions of 1960s)
Jim Jones: what kind of cult?
religious cult and commercial cult
The People’s Temples
Jonestown →utopia
controlled followers by isolating them in the jungle
drink kool-aid
Jim Jones
David Karesn: type of cult?
doomsday cult
Warren Jeffs: type of cult?
religious cult