Unit 5 Sociology Test

kinship is traced through mother’s family-property passed from mother to daughter

matrilineal descent

father holds authority

patriarchy

What is NOT a function of a family

social integration

Which of these would be an example of a CULT? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

scientology

Which of these would NOT be characteristics of a cult leader?

empathetic

kinship is traced through father’s family-property passed from father to son

Patrilineal descent

Cults based on an established religion, but they have branched off from accepted beliefs. Which type of cult is this?

religious

marriage of one woman to multiple partners

polyandry

The leaders are trying to get rich by promising their followers that they will get rich, generally by purchasing courses and products to sell for the leaders. Which type of cult is this?

commerical

marriage with multiple partners

polygamy

mother holds authority

matriarchy

kinship traced through both parents- property inherited from either side of family

bilateral descent

This involves family, friends, and a specialist confronting the cult member and educating him/her on the tactics of cults

intervention

new religion whose beliefs are practices differ markedly from those of society’s major religions

cult

Which era was education founded after?

industrialization

They are mystical in nature with leaders who generally present themselves as hyper-spiritual. They use magic and believe humanity is divine. Which type of cult is this?

new age

Which of these is NOT a trend in Marriage?

traditional beliefs

small exclusive group which people are not usually born into you voluntary join

sect

The leader claims to be the embodiment of evil, and the groups worship Satan through sacrifice, cutting, and other rituals. Which type of cult is this?

satanic

offshoots of established churches (baptists, methodists)

denomination

focuses on the ways in which traditional notions about family perpetuate social equality

conflict perspective

marriage between one man and one woman

monogamy

marriage of one man to multiple woman

polyandry

couple lives with or near the husband’s parents

patrilocality

**couple lives with or near the wife’s parents**

matrilocality

couple decides which parents to live with or near

biolocality

couple lives apart from both sets of parents

neolocality

authority shared between mother and father

egalitarian

groups of people who are related by genetics, marriage, or choice that share material, emotional, or economic resources

family

social bond based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption

kinship

family not based on blood but by CHOICE

fictive kinship

legally recognized relationships usually involving economic, social, emotional, and sexual bonds

marriage

1. Regulation of sexual activity

   1. Incest taboo: norm forbiding sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives

2. Reproduction

   1. Replace members who die/move away

3. Socialization

   1. Teaching children the ways and values of society

4. Economic and emotional security

   1. Division of labor- usually based on gender

   2. Division of labor ensures needs of the family are met

Functionalist perspective of family

* Marriage and family relationships are based on shared understandings of their situations 
* Participate in activities to build emotional bonds (family meals, holidays)
* Different styles of communication
* Parents are main factors of socialization for norms and values → religion, cultural beliefs 
* Romantic love in US

symbolic perspective of family

• Family contributes to social inequality by reinforcing economic inequality and patriarchy

  • Economic inequality – working poor and poverty vs. middle class

• Feminist perspective- → examples: not allowed to divorce, own property, marital rape, domestic violence

• Lack of emotional support disharmony, violence

conflict perspective of family

1. Delayed marriage → society blames it on

   1. Cohabitation: living together while having a sexual relationship while not being married

2. Delayed childbearing/childlessness

   1. Sandwich Generation: caught between the needs of children and parents

   2. Voluntary childlessness

3. One parent households

4. Dual-earner marriages

5. Remarriage

trends in marriage/family

consists of the roles and norms that ensure the transmission of knowledge, values, and patterns of behavior from one generation to the next → institution 

education

formal education, which involves instruction by specially trained teachers who follow officially recognized policies 

schooling

* Believe that the functions performed by education work to maintain and perpetuate the stability and smooth operation of society
* Teach knowledge and skills 
* Transmission of culture 
* Social integration 
* Occupational placement 

function of education

* Believes that it serves to sort students into social ranks and limit the potential of certain individuals and groups to gain power and social rewards 
* __Social control__: hidden curriculum (values, obedience to authority and be on time) and tracking (assigned to certain programs based off of performance)
* __Education and socioeconomic status__: education is tied to socioeconomic status (higher expectations, more opportunities, can afford college)

conflict within education

* Believes that they observe how people in schools relate to one another and how they share meanings
* __Student-teacher interaction__: might perform differently based off of teacher expectations, socioeconomic status and self-fulfilling prophecy
* __Interactions among students__: peer pressure can affect student achievement 

interaction within education

the socialization of institutions

religion

*  well establish religious body NOT A BUILDING (old, global religions)

church

1. Universal appeal; members from all social classes

2. Complex hierarchy of paid officials

3. Huge national or international 4 accept the norms and values of society; usually close relationship to the State

4. The level of members; involvement varies; often members don’t need to do much at all

5. Claims a monopoly on truth

features of a Church

examples of Church

judaism, the Roman Catholic Church, Islam, Hinduism

1. Membership tends to be from the middle-classes

2. Hierarchy of paid officials; bureaucratic

3. National or international

4. Do not identify with the state

5. Little pressure on members to participate

6. Do not claim a monopoly of truth; usually practice religious tolerance

features of a denomination

examples of denominations

* methodists, baptists, pentecostals, lutheran 

1. Membership from lower social classes

2. No hierarchical structure; usually 1 charismatic leader

3. Challenge the norms and values of culture; oppose the state

4. Members are supposed to be highly involved

5. Claims a monopoly on truth

features of sect

examples of sect

* Jehovah’s Witness, Mormons, Amish

• Social cohesion

  • Religion encourages the strengthening of bonds among people

  • Ex. participating in religious ceremony

• Social control

  • Religion encourages conformity to the norms and values of society

  • Ex. being nice, stealing is wrong

• Emotional support

  • Religion often provides comfort in times of personal suffering or natural disaster

  • Ex. funeral, divorce

functions of religion

1. beliefs are seen by most of society as being “strange” or unorthodox

2. members show unusual or excessive devotion to some person, idea, or thing

3. leaders use unethical and/or manipulative methods of persuasion and control to advance the goals of the group leaders

3 aspects Sociologists assign to cults

cults based on an established religion, but they have branched off from accepted beliefs

religious

they are mystical in nature with leaders who generally present themselves as hyper-spiritual and use magic/believe humanity is divine

new age

believe that some major event is just around the corner

doomsday

groups that believe in UFOs and that aliens are responsible for our creation, salvation or destruction

other world

leader claims to be embodiment of evil, worship Satan through sacrifice

satanic

leaders trying to get rich by promising their followers that they will get rich (purchasing courses and products to sell)

commercial

the group either follows a political ideology or a leader whom they believe to be flawless

political

\-claimed to be Jesus Christ

\-Savior and above the law

Charles Manson

\-convinced followers to murder young boys because of her revelation that all males born after 1981 were born

Valentina de Andrade

convinced 39 of his followers to commit suicide

Marshall Applewhite

led a polygamist community and engaged in rape and pedophilia in that capacity

Warren Jeffs

killed one of his followers when he threatened to reveal refugee girls were being used as sex slaves

swami premananda

1. has all the answers

2. charismatic

3. demanding

4. controlling

5. possibly abusive

characteristics of cult leaders

1. seduction: “reeling” people in by giving them a sense of purpose or belonging/safe place where they’re important and accepted

2. persuasion involves prize of some sort that only members can receive. if person joins or buys-in, they will get prize

3. fascination: prospects lose their doubts/generally connect with cult leader/hooked

3 phases of cult recruitment

1. traumatic or deprived childhood

2. low self-esteem

3. alienated

4. personal crisis

5. transitional (freshmen/seniors/out of work)

6. unaware that they can be manipulated

6 characteristics that could potentially put people at risk to join cults

involves family members or friends stepping in and removing a loved one from a cult against his or her will

deprogramming

involves family, friends, and a specialist confronting the cult member and educating him or her on tactics of cults

intervention

session held by a professional counselor to help reeducate the cult member

exit counseling

1. have emergency bag packed

2. have a place to stay lined up

3. seek out family and former friends

4. seek professional help/support group

5. involve police, if necessary

6. understand cult friends want nothing with you

advice for leaving cult

1. individual’s life is meaningless

2. cult members: good

3. cult teachings sacred

4. only people in cult can be saved

4 strategies cults employ to keep people in a cult

Charles Manson: kind of cult?

New Age/Political (utilization of political conditions of 1960s)

Jim Jones: what kind of cult?

religious cult and commercial cult

• The People’s Temples

• Jonestown →utopia

• controlled followers by isolating them in the jungle

• drink kool-aid

Jim Jones

David Karesn: type of cult?

doomsday cult

Warren Jeffs: type of cult?

religious cult