Biotech Exam 2

dialysis

separation of proteins from smaller molecules (i.e. from salt)

example of semipermeable membrane (hint: used in dialysis)

cellulose membrane w. pores

permeable gel matrix used in column chromatography

cellulose

filtration by size

cell fractionation/sedimentation, dialysis, gel-filtration chromatography (type of molecular exclusion chromatography)

gel filtration beads

cross-linked polysaccharides i.e. DEXTRAN, AGAROSE, ACRYLAMIDE

cation exchange chromatography uses __ charged beads

negative; vice versa

for most proteins, __ molecule of SDS binds to __ amino acids

1 molecule of SDS binds to every 2 amino acids

proteins in gel electrophoresis migrate based on

MASS ONLY

hybridoma cells

cells produced from fusing short-lived cells that produce antibodies with immortal multiple myeloma cancer cells

synovial sarcoma produces

SS18-SSX oncogenic fusion protein

synovial sarcoma

rare pediatric cancer driven by chromosomal translocation that produces SS18-SSX oncogenic fusion protein

in prostate cancer, blood levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) will __

increase

(ELISA) optical density is measured at

450 nm

what is the substrate for the streptavidin horseradish peroxidase?

Tetramethylbenzidene (TMB)

carrier molecules that store energy

ATP, NADH, NADPH, FADH2

energy is released when electrons are transferred from a __ energy state to a __ energy state

high energy to low energy

T/F all carbs enter glycolysis

True- all carbs enter glycolysis

essential fatty acids

• linoleic acid- pro-inflammatory

• linolenic acid- anti-inflammatory

• arachidonate- prostaglandin precursor (synthesized from linoleic acid)

mammals cannot introduce double bonds beyond __ in fatty acids

C9

must eat salmon, mackerel, albicore, halibut, sardines

ketone bodies (times of fasting/low glucose/diabetes/acetyl coA accumulation)

• beta-hydroxybutyrate

• acetoacetate

• acetone

acidic (lower blood pH- acidosis)

fatty acid synthesis occurs in the

cytoplasm

fatty acid oxidation occurs in the

mitochondria

products of B fatty oxidation

NADH, FADH2, Acetyl-CoA

ketosis occurs in the

liver mitochondria

glucogenic carbon skeletons

TCA cycle intermediates or pyruvate (gluconeogenesis)

ketogenic carbon skeletons

acetyl CoA, acetoacetyl, acetoacetate

alanine is a __ amino acid

non-essential

sanger sequencing is for __

DNA sequencing ONLY