BIO 202: Chapter 1.6 and 2.1 Blood Typing and Cardiac Muscle Histology

blood transfusion

infusion of a recipient with a donor’s blood cells

blood types

determined by the presence or absence of specific molecules called antigens and antibodies

agglutination

clumping of foreign erythrocytes

hemolysis

process in which clumped cells are destroyed by the immune system

transfusion reaction

agglutinated red blood cells block small blood vessels which may lead to kidney failure and death

packed red blood cells

erythrocytes with most plasma removed which help reduce the risk of transfusion reactions

anti-B antibodies

type A blood have A antigens and produce …

anti-A antibodies

type B blood have B antigens and produce …

anti-A or anti-B antibodies

type O blood have neither A nor B antigens and produce …

do not

people with Rh-positive blood have Rh antigens and ____ produce anti-Rh antibodies

do

people with Rh-negative blood do not have Rh antigens and ___ produce anti-Rh antibodies

(+), (+) and (-)

if the blood type has a positive sign (+), it can give to ___ only, but receive from both _____

(+) and (-), (-)

if the blood type has a negative sign (-), it can give to ___, but receive from ___ only

receive

people with AB+ blood can ___ from any donor blood type

donate

people with O- blood can ___ to any recipient blood type

AB+

universal recipient

O-

universal donor

cardiac myocytes

cells of cardiac muscle

uninucleate

one single nucleus that is typically in the center of the cell

intercalated discs

specialized structures that contain desmosomes and gap junctions which enable the heart to contract as one coordinated unit

desmosomes

hold adjacent cardiac cells tightly together

gap junctions

allow adjacent cardiac cells to communicate chemically and electrically

arrhythmias

irregular heart rhythms