Study History: James I, Charles I, Charles II, James II, and Peter the Great

James I

Main problem was the Gunpowder plot. Made his own Bible. Survived nine kidnapping attempts. Mother was Mary Queen of Scots. Died in 1625.

Charles I

Ruled from 1625-1649. Had a long argument with parliament. His wife was deeply Catholic. Got in trouble for not stopping the rule of the English church. Civil war broke out.

Oliver Cromwell

Leader of the new model Parliament. Led Parliament to victory in the English Civil War. Won due to money and support.

Charles II

Returned as king in England until 1685. Sought revenge on those who executed his father. Faced the Great Plague and the Great Fire.

Great Plague

Occurred in 1665 and was similar to the Black Plague. Blamed on Catholics. Led to the banning of Catholics from professions.

Great Fire

Occurred one year after the Great Plague. Blamed on Catholics. Resulted in the banning of Catholics from professions.

Test Act

Passed in 1683. Required anyone who wanted to run for office to be in the Church of England. No Catholics allowed in office.

Declaration of Indulgence

Allowed Catholics to hold mass in their private homes. Started the Royal Society. Involved in wars but didn't destroy the economy. Built up the navy.

James II

Was Catholic. Lasted for three years. Overthrown in the Glorious Revolution. Fled to France.

Glorious Revolution

Occurred to establish a Protestant king. William took over as a Protestant king. James II fled to France. Two acts were passed: Bill of Rights Act and Toleration Act.

Bill of Rights Act

Passed during the Glorious Revolution. Stated that no law can be suspended by the King. No taxes could be raised without parliament's consent. Established parliamentary supremacy over the king. No person could be arrested without due process.

Toleration Act

Passed during the Glorious Revolution. Allowed religious dissenters to practice their religion but excluded them from having government positions.

Peter the Great

Romanov ruler from 1672-1725. Transformed Russia into a strong nation. Won the Great Northern War against Sweden. Established St. Petersburg. Father of the Russian Navy. Modernized Russia.

Table of Ranks

Established by Peter the Great. Placed everyone in social groups based on their rank. Brought proper etiquette from England.

Renaissance

Started in Florence. Caused the Reformation. Key figures include Martin Luther, Calvin, Henry VIII. Counter Reformation led by the Council of Trent, Index, and Inquisition.

Exploration

Started in England, France, Holland, Portugal, and Spain. Key figures include Columbus, Da Vinci, Machiavelli, Galileo, Petrock, and Thomas More.

French History

Key figure is Louis XIV (14th).

England

Dynasties include Tudor and Stuart.

30 Years War

The 30 Years War was a long and devastating conflict that took place in Germany, similar to a never-ending game of tug-of-war that left the country torn apart.