INFANT NUTRITION

what is a full term infant stomach capacity?

between 20-90 ml

what is the stomach capacity of an infant at 1 month of age?

about 30 ml or 1 ounce

how many grams per day do infants fain in the 1st 3 months of life?

25-35 grams per day 

how many grams per day do babies gain in the next 8 months of life?

15 grams per day

how much weight do kids gain between ages 2 and 9 years old?

about 5 pounds per year

how much does a babies height increase by 1st year?

50% increase 

how much should full term babies take in between birth and age 6 months?

110 kcal/kg/day 

how much should babies take in after age 6 months to 12 months?

80 kcal/kg/day

if a baby is pre term how much should a baby take in?

up to 130 kcal/kg/day

what age are babies able to absorb more complex food? what else happens at this age?

by 4 to 6 months of age and teeth begin to erupt

what age do babies master chewing and manipulate finger foods?

between 6 and 12 months of age

whatt is the benefit for the mother if she decides to breastfeed?

helps mother lose weight and uterus to return to normal more quickly 

what is the age that babies should be breastfed to?

6 months old

how should breast milk be stored?

store at room temp for 4 to 8 hours and refridgerate for up to 96 hours and freeze for up to 3 to 4 months

what percent of calories from carbohydrates is recommended for infants?

40-50% of calories should come from carbs

what is the main carb in formula?

lactose

how does lactose make glucose and galactose?

it is broken down by lactase

when is lactase deficiency often seen?

in infants that are preterm so less than 36 weeks of gestation

how many calories per ounce are in standard infant formulas?

20 calories per ounce

when should we consider vitamin b12 supplments for babies?

if a mother is vegan 

how much cholecalciferol (vitamin d) do infants need?

400 units per day starting within the 1st few days of life

what is something all infants need?

vitamin d

what are contents of formulas that should be considered?

iron (ferrous salt), cholecalciferol (vitamin d), and multivitamins

what is the exception for an infant needing 400 units per day of vitamin d?

if the infant is receiving at least 1 liter of fortifoed formula per day (30 ounces)

what do all formulas have?

iron

when should fluoride be supplmented for children?

only supplement if they dont have fluoride in their water 

when should chuldren start using fluoridated toothpase?

when the first tooth eruption occurs

what is the age that infants can start having fluoride?

6 months old 

what formulation base is enfamil?

milk based

what formulation base is similac?

milk based

what formulation base is isomil?

soy based

what formulation base is prosobee?

soy based

what formulation base is carnation good start?

milk based

what ingredient base is alimentum?

amino acid based

what are amino acid/hydrolyzed based formulas used for?

when kids cant digest food on their own

what ingredeint base is pregestimil?

amino acid based

what ingredient base is nutramigen?

amino acid based

what ingredient based is nutramigen?

amino acid based

what formula base is portagen?

amino acid based

why are soy based formulas not recommended?

they have less vitamins so you risk aluminum toxicity and too many proteins

what are the ingredients in soy based formulas?

corn starch, tapicoa starch, and sucrose as CHO

when are soy based formulas recommended?

if lactatse deficient or documented cow milk protein allergy

which type of infants are not recommended soy based formula?

pre term infants

what is something infants can be exposed to way too early if they use soy based formula?

early exposure to phytoestrogens

what type of formula is a whey hydrolysate formula?

therapeutic formula

what is an advantage of whey hydrolysate formulas?

they are more palatable (taste better) so they may be more acceptable for GI intolerance

what is an example of a whey hydroslate formula?

carnation good start

when giving a premature infant formula what is the best strategy?

mimic breast milk with they whey:casein ratio

when a baby can not swallow making them have GERD what type of formula should be used?

prethickened formula

what are signs that an infant has colic?

lots of crying usually worse in the evening, gassy, hernia, sensitivity to milk protein

when does colic usually go away with babies?

3 months of age

why can children under 1 or 2 not have honey?

there is a botulism risk

how should bottles be prepared?

bring the bottle to room temperature and do not use a microwave, sterilize nipples and bottle

what should never be added to formula as it can cause GERD?

adding cereal may worsen gerd

if a babt is choking, spitting up, or vomiting what should be avoided?

grapes, nuts, chunks of meat/cheese

how much should a baby be fed from birth to 2 weeks?

they should receive 2 to 3 ounces per feed

how much should a baby from age 3 weeks to 2 months be fed?

feed 4-5 ounces per feed

when a baby is 2 months and up how much should it be fed?

6 ounces per feed

how often should healthy term infants be fed?

every 4 hours

how often should pre term infants be fed?

every 2 to 3 hours

when should nightime feedings stop?

after 1-2 months

if your desired calories is 20 calories in a formula how much liquid formula and how much water in ounces should be added?

1 ounce of liquid formula and 1 ounce of water

if the desired calories if 20 calories how many scoops of powdered formula should be used and how many ounces of water should be used?

1 scoop of powder and 2 ounces of water 

for a powdered formula preparation what should be done to prepare it?

boil water at 158 degrees and let it cool for 5 minutes and make sure it is cool enough to drink

what type of water should you not let get into the bottle or the nipple?

tap water

when using tap water for a baby between ages 0 to 6 months what must you do first?

must boil prior to use

does switching formulas make a difference?

no it doesnt

at what age is it okay to switch to whole cows milk?

after 12 months of age

after 2 years of age what type of milk is recommended?

1% milk