Anatomy Exam 3 Quizzes

satellite cells

All of the following are considered Neuroglia in the Central Nervous System, except

microglia
astrocytes
ependymal cells
satellite cells

retrograde axonal transport

Movement along a microtubule towards the soma/cell body is referred to as

anterograde axonal transport
mercurial retrograde
none of the above
retrograde axonal transport

tracts

Bundles of axons in the central nervous system are called

nerves
neurolemmae
fascicles
tracts

receptive region

Dendrites are located with which region of the neuron

trigger zone
secretory region
conducting region
receptive region

unipolar

This type of neuron has one process extending from the cell body with a central and peripheral process.

bipolar
Multipolar
none of the above
unipolar

ependymal cells

These neuroglial cells may have cilia to help move cerebrospinal fluid within the brain

microglia
ependymal cells
oligodendoctyes
astrocytes

microglia

These neuroglial cells act as resident immune cells in the nervous system

astrocytes
ependymal cells
oligodendoctyes
microglia

all of these are correct

Which of the following you would expect to find in the secretory region/zone of a motor neuron


All of these are correct

V-Snares & T-Snares
voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
None of these are correct
vesicles of ACh

nodes of ranvier

In the central nervous system oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath, however in the peripheral nervous system schwann cells create the myelin sheath, in between these cells are gaps called

synaptic gaps
nodules of ranveeay
nodes of ranvier
gap junctions

Ohm's law

I = V / R is best categorized as

Coulomb's Law
Boyle's Law
Ohm's Law
the relationship between velocity and income

commissural fibers

The Corpus Callosum is an example of

Projection fibers
Association Fibers
Fiber optics
Commissural fibers

right glenohumeral extension and right glenohumeral flexion

The left hemispheric primary motor cortex will likely result in (choose the 2 correct options)

left glenohumeral flexion
right glenohumeral extension
left glenohumeral extension
right glenohumeral flexion

hippocampus

Memory is encoded by the ________________, but stored elsewhere.

hippocampus
putamen
wernickes area
amygdala

gap junctions

The blood brain barrier is comprised of all EXCEPT

ependymal cells
astrocytes
gap junctions
choroid plexus

olfactory

The quote "When in doubt Meriadoc (or recently Elanor Brandyfoot), always follow your nose" can be rephrased by saying:

When memory encoding, consolidation or memory retrieval fails, attend careful to the ______________ system.

visual
auditory
olfactory
occipital

none of these are correct

Damage to the left ventral root horn at approximately T1 would result in

loss of dorsal column-medial lemniscal inputs
loss of spinothalamic inputs
loss of spinocerebellar input
none of these are correct

somatic motor and visceral motor

Each of the following provide input through the dorsal horn of the spinal cord except (select ALL that apply)

somatic motor
visceral sensory
None of the these are correct
visceral motor
somatic sensory

left leg numbness

Damage to the leg region of the right somatosensory cortex would most likely result in

right side quadriplegia
right leg numbness
left leg numbness
left side quadriplegia

spinocerebellar

Proprioception is a subconscious level sensory input to the brain, which pathways is most likely involved

lateral corticospinal
spinothalamic
spinocerebellar
dorsal column-medial lemniscal

lower limb paralysis

A complete transection of the spinal cord in the thoracic region below the cervical enlargement would most likely result in

diaphragmatic paralysis
upper limb paralysis
death
lower limb paralysis

sympathetic innervation

The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of ________.

parasympathetic innervation
somatic stimulation
sympathetic innervation
vagal (X) nerve activity

parasympathetic postganglionic fibers; release NE

Which of the following is mismatched?

parasympathetic postganglionic fibers; release NE
sympathetic postganglionic fibers; release NE
parasympathetic preganglionic fibers; release ACh
sympathetic preganglionic fibers; release ACh

parasympathetic

The division of the autonomic nervous system that is short‐lived and very localized is

somatic
visceral
sympathetic
parasympathetic

NE may be secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response

Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________.

inactivation of ACh is fairly slow
preganglionic fibers are long
NE may be secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
postganglionic fibers are short

bronchiole dilation will occur

Albuterol is a sympathomimetic drug that binds to beta‐2 adrenergic receptors suggesting that

heart rate will decrease
vasodilation will occur
bronchiole dilation will occur
reduction of blood glucose

it will reduce heart rate and blood pressure

Propanolol is a sympatholytic drug, suggesting that

it will increase heart rate and blood pressure
it will reduce heart rate and blood pressure
it will reduce heart rate but increase blood pressure
it will increase heart rate but reduce blood pressure

promotes urination; sympathetic

Which of the following is mismatched?

gallbladder contracts to expel bile; parasympathetic
penis ejaculation; sympathetic
bronchiole dilation in lungs; sympathetic
promotes urination; sympathetic

A threshold stimulus will cause the opening of voltage gated sodium ion channels that will cause further depolarizing stimulus. This stimulus will open still more voltage gated sodium ion channels.

An action potential is regarded as an example of a positive feedback. Which of the following examples below best illustrates the positive feedback aspect of an action potential?

Voltage gated potassium ion channels open slowly and remain open long enough to cause hyperpolarization.
The sodium potassium pump consistently moves ions as long as ATP is available, and regardless of membrane potential changes.
A threshold stimulus will cause the opening of voltage gated sodium ion channels that will cause further depolarizing stimulus. This stimulus will open still more voltage gated sodium ion channels.
Potassium permeability is about 2.5 times greater than sodium ions.

all parasympathetic target organs

Where would you NOT find a cholinergeric nicotinic receptor?

sarcolemma of skeletal muscle cells at neuromuscular junctions
adrenal medulla hormone producing cells
all parasympathetic target organs
all postganglionic neurons (cell bodies and dendrites)

synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion

Once a sympathetic preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion, it can do all of the following EXCEPT ________.

synapse with a ganglionic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
ascend or descend the trunk to synapse in another trunk ganglion
synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
pass through the trunk ganglion without synapsing with another neuron

this allows for the efflux of potassium ions, resulting in the repolarization of the cell

The depolarization phase of an action potential is punctuated by closing of voltage gated sodium ion channels. Choose the statement below that is not a consequence of the closing of inactivating gates.

This stops the depolarization of the axon membrane.
This limits the frequency of action potentials down the axon.
This allows for the efflux of potassium ions, resulting in the repolarization of the cell.
This allows for the one way transmission of action potential down the axon.

NE may be secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response

Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________.

NE may be secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
inactivation of ACh is fairly slow
preganglionic fibers are long
preganglionic fibers are short

dilation of the pupils

Which of the following is NOT a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

elimination of urine
salivation
increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera
dilation of the pupils