Studied by 8 people
satellite cells
All of the following are considered Neuroglia in the Central Nervous System, except
microglia astrocytes ependymal cells satellite cells
retrograde axonal transport
Movement along a microtubule towards the soma/cell body is referred to as
anterograde axonal transport mercurial retrograde none of the above retrograde axonal transport
tracts
Bundles of axons in the central nervous system are called
nerves neurolemmae fascicles tracts
receptive region
Dendrites are located with which region of the neuron
trigger zone secretory region conducting region receptive region
unipolar
This type of neuron has one process extending from the cell body with a central and peripheral process.
bipolar Multipolar none of the above unipolar
ependymal cells
These neuroglial cells may have cilia to help move cerebrospinal fluid within the brain
microglia ependymal cells oligodendoctyes astrocytes
microglia
These neuroglial cells act as resident immune cells in the nervous system
astrocytes ependymal cells oligodendoctyes microglia
all of these are correct
Which of the following you would expect to find in the secretory region/zone of a motor neuron
All of these are correct
V-Snares & T-Snares voltage-gated Ca2+ channels None of these are correct vesicles of ACh
nodes of ranvier
In the central nervous system oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath, however in the peripheral nervous system schwann cells create the myelin sheath, in between these cells are gaps called
synaptic gaps nodules of ranveeay nodes of ranvier gap junctions
Ohm's law
I = V / R is best categorized as
Coulomb's Law Boyle's Law Ohm's Law the relationship between velocity and income
commissural fibers
The Corpus Callosum is an example of
Projection fibers Association Fibers Fiber optics Commissural fibers
right glenohumeral extension and right glenohumeral flexion
The left hemispheric primary motor cortex will likely result in (choose the 2 correct options)
left glenohumeral flexion right glenohumeral extension left glenohumeral extension right glenohumeral flexion
hippocampus
Memory is encoded by the ________________, but stored elsewhere.
hippocampus putamen wernickes area amygdala
gap junctions
The blood brain barrier is comprised of all EXCEPT
ependymal cells astrocytes gap junctions choroid plexus
olfactory
The quote "When in doubt Meriadoc (or recently Elanor Brandyfoot), always follow your nose" can be rephrased by saying:
When memory encoding, consolidation or memory retrieval fails, attend careful to the ______________ system.
visual auditory olfactory occipital
none of these are correct
Damage to the left ventral root horn at approximately T1 would result in
loss of dorsal column-medial lemniscal inputs loss of spinothalamic inputs loss of spinocerebellar input none of these are correct
somatic motor and visceral motor
Each of the following provide input through the dorsal horn of the spinal cord except (select ALL that apply)
somatic motor visceral sensory None of the these are correct visceral motor somatic sensory
left leg numbness
Damage to the leg region of the right somatosensory cortex would most likely result in
right side quadriplegia right leg numbness left leg numbness left side quadriplegia
spinocerebellar
Proprioception is a subconscious level sensory input to the brain, which pathways is most likely involved
lateral corticospinal spinothalamic spinocerebellar dorsal column-medial lemniscal
lower limb paralysis
A complete transection of the spinal cord in the thoracic region below the cervical enlargement would most likely result in
diaphragmatic paralysis upper limb paralysis death lower limb paralysis
sympathetic innervation
The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of ________.
parasympathetic innervation somatic stimulation sympathetic innervation vagal (X) nerve activity
parasympathetic postganglionic fibers; release NE
Which of the following is mismatched?
parasympathetic postganglionic fibers; release NE sympathetic postganglionic fibers; release NE parasympathetic preganglionic fibers; release ACh sympathetic preganglionic fibers; release ACh
parasympathetic
The division of the autonomic nervous system that is short‐lived and very localized is
somatic visceral sympathetic parasympathetic
NE may be secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________.
inactivation of ACh is fairly slow preganglionic fibers are long NE may be secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response postganglionic fibers are short
bronchiole dilation will occur
Albuterol is a sympathomimetic drug that binds to beta‐2 adrenergic receptors suggesting that
heart rate will decrease vasodilation will occur bronchiole dilation will occur reduction of blood glucose
it will reduce heart rate and blood pressure
Propanolol is a sympatholytic drug, suggesting that
it will increase heart rate and blood pressure it will reduce heart rate and blood pressure it will reduce heart rate but increase blood pressure it will increase heart rate but reduce blood pressure
promotes urination; sympathetic
Which of the following is mismatched?
gallbladder contracts to expel bile; parasympathetic penis ejaculation; sympathetic bronchiole dilation in lungs; sympathetic promotes urination; sympathetic
A threshold stimulus will cause the opening of voltage gated sodium ion channels that will cause further depolarizing stimulus. This stimulus will open still more voltage gated sodium ion channels.
An action potential is regarded as an example of a positive feedback. Which of the following examples below best illustrates the positive feedback aspect of an action potential?
Voltage gated potassium ion channels open slowly and remain open long enough to cause hyperpolarization. The sodium potassium pump consistently moves ions as long as ATP is available, and regardless of membrane potential changes. A threshold stimulus will cause the opening of voltage gated sodium ion channels that will cause further depolarizing stimulus. This stimulus will open still more voltage gated sodium ion channels. Potassium permeability is about 2.5 times greater than sodium ions.
all parasympathetic target organs
Where would you NOT find a cholinergeric nicotinic receptor?
sarcolemma of skeletal muscle cells at neuromuscular junctions adrenal medulla hormone producing cells all parasympathetic target organs all postganglionic neurons (cell bodies and dendrites)
synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
Once a sympathetic preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion, it can do all of the following EXCEPT ________.
synapse with a ganglionic neuron in the same trunk ganglion ascend or descend the trunk to synapse in another trunk ganglion synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion pass through the trunk ganglion without synapsing with another neuron
this allows for the efflux of potassium ions, resulting in the repolarization of the cell
The depolarization phase of an action potential is punctuated by closing of voltage gated sodium ion channels. Choose the statement below that is not a consequence of the closing of inactivating gates.
This stops the depolarization of the axon membrane. This limits the frequency of action potentials down the axon. This allows for the efflux of potassium ions, resulting in the repolarization of the cell. This allows for the one way transmission of action potential down the axon.
NE may be secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________.
NE may be secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response inactivation of ACh is fairly slow preganglionic fibers are long preganglionic fibers are short
dilation of the pupils
Which of the following is NOT a result of parasympathetic stimulation?
elimination of urine salivation increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera dilation of the pupils
