Articular system

articular system

articular system

structures that join your bones together, allowing movement in varying degrees

articulation

when 2 bones are joined together at different parts if their surfaces

arthrology

study of the the articular system

fibrous connective tissue and collagen

composition of fibrous joints

fibrous and cartilaginous joints

type if joints that has no joint cavity (structural classification)

sutures

one example of fibrous joint

symphysis

one example of cartilaginous joint

hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

cartilages involved with cartilaginous joints

synovial joint

outer boundary of synovial cavity, surrounds the bones’ articulating surfaces

Synovial joint

outer boundary of synovial cavity, surrounds the bones’ articulating surfaces

synovial fluid

fills the synovial joint cavity

movement

synovial fluid function

knee joint

one example of synovial joint

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

structural joints

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

functional joints

synarthrosis

joint that has little to no movement, solid and sturdy

amphiarthrosis

joint that has slight or limited movement; gap between bones that are filled with cartilage

withstanding great amount of pressure

function of amphiarthrosis joint

diarthrosis

joints that are capable of great movements in different anatomical planes

diarthrosis

weakest joint

sutures

narrow gap between the bone margins, united by fibrous tissue

sutura vera and sutura northa

types of sutures

sutura vera

type of suture where bone margins are interlocked

sutura northa

type of suture where bone margins are not interlocked, only roughened

sagittal suture

one example of sutura vera

squamosal suture

one example of sutura northa

syndesmoses

occurs between 2 parallel bones

narrow to wide

space between syndesmoses

narrow gap

space between sutures

space between gomphoses

narrow

radio-ulna

example of syndesmoses

gomphoses

peg and socket joint

between alveolar bone and teeth

location of gomphoses

periodontal ligament

what fills the space between the alveolar bone and teeth?

sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses, schindylesis

fibrous and synarthrosis joints

synchondrosis, symphyses

cartilaginous and amphiarthrosis joints

synostosis and permanent

2 types of synchondrosis

synostosis

synchondrosis that is temporary; when cartilage is converted into bone before adult life

permanent synchondrosis

when the hyaline cartilage remains a cartilage and does not ossify

epiphyseal plates

example of synostosis

between the sternum and first rib

example of permanent synchondrosis

symphyses

cartilaginous and amphiarthrosis joints where bones are united together by fibrocartilage

synchondrosis

cartilaginous and amphiarthrosis joints where bones are joined together by hyaline cartilage

fibrocartilage

contains numerous bundles of thick collagen fibers

better resistance to pulling and bending forces

function of symphyses

intervertebral disc

example of symphyses

articular surfaces

parts of the bone entering into articulation

articular cartilage

reenforces the articular surfaces

articular disk or meniscus

shock absorber between articular surfaces

articular capsule

encloses the articulation

synovial membrane

lines the inside of the articular capsule

planar, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket

types of diarthrosis joints

planar

diarthrosis joint that can provide gliding movements

flat or slightly curved

shape of planar joint

hinge

diarthrosis joint where one bone moves while the other remains stationary

slightly rounded

shape of hinge joint

pivot joint

diarthrosis joint that allows rotational movement

between the rounded end of a bone

pivot joint location

condyloid

diarthrosis joint that allows angular movement

oval

shape of condyloid joint’s end

saddle joint

diarthrosis joint that allows angular movements OF GREATER RANGE

concave

shape of saddle joint

ball and socket

diarthrosis joint that allows the greatest range of motion in all directions

gliding

movement produced by flat bone surfaces that move past each other

angular

movement produced by changing the angle between bones of a joint

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotational, circumduction

types of angular movement

flexion

produced when the angle between the bones decreases

extension

produced when the angle between the bones increases

hyperextension

extending a part of the body past the normal anatomical position

abduction

when a bone moves away from the midline of the body

adduction

when a bone moves away from the midline of the body

rotational

movement of the bone as it rotates around its longitudinal axis

midline rotation

rotating towards the midline of the body

lateral rotation

rotating away from the midline

circumduction

rotating away from the midline

supination

movement of the radium and ulna → so that the palm faces forward/up

pronation

palm faces backward or down

lateral

type of rotation of supination

medial

type of rotation of pronation

protraction

anterior movement of a bone in a horizontal plane

retraction

when a joint moves back into position

opposition

movement of the thumb towards the other fingers

inversion

movement of the soles inwards, towards the midline

eversion

movement of the soles outwards, away from midline

elevation

upward bone movement

depression

downward bone movement

dorsi flexion

bending of the ankle → lifting of toes towards the knee

plantar flexion

bending of the ankle, heel is lifted, tiptoes

non axial arthrodia, uniaxial, biaxial, polyaxial

ranges of motion

non axial arthrodia

range of motion where bones slide over each other

uniaxial

range of motion where movement occur in one plane

biaxial

range of motion where movement occur in 2 axis

polyaxial

range of motion where movement occur in all axis

carpal bones

example of planar

knee joint

example of hinge

atlantoaxial joint

example of pivot

radiocarpal

conyloid example

thumb joint

saddle joint example

shoulder joint

ball and sockety joint example