chem final

strong acids with one element

strong acids with compounds

strong bases with one OH

group 1

strong bases with two OH

group 2

molarity (big M)

moles/liters

what makes a molecule more soluble in water

polar molecules, hydrogen bonding, salts, high charges on salts, smaller molecules, higher temps

phosphate

mass percent

mass of component/mass of mixture *100

molality

mol/kg

what does adding a solute do

increases the extremes: raises boiling point, lowers freezing point, lowers vapor pressure

how to identify electrolytes

ionic compounds are electrolytes.
if it completely ionizes, it is a strong electrolyte
if it partially ionizes, it is a weak electrolyte

equation for freezing/boiling point

ralout’s equation

mole fraction (big X)

moles of solute/moles of solution

relationship between K for pressure and concentration

endothermic

heat on products

exothermic

heat on reactants

kinds of molecular bonding

1. ion dipole

2. hydrogen

3. dipole dipole

4. ion induced dipole

5. dipole induced dipole

6. dispersion

how to find Ka/Kb if given one

what is Ka

equivalence point on titration curve