Emergency care

steps to develop an EAP:

\-where is the nearest telephone

\-EMS access door

\-medical forms

\-identify charge, control and call person

\-AED location

\-hospital location

\-practice

\-documentation (accident report)

the key to a well executed EAP is?

preparation

Possible dangers at a scene are?

traffic, fire, electricity, hazardous materials, unsafe structures, wreckage, multiple people injured, gas, natural disasters, water and ice, crime, drug labs, hostile situations, hostage situations

Primary survey of person is?

ABC

airway, breathing, circulation

What do you ask to access level of consciousness (LDL)?

what is your name

where are we

what tie of day is it

what happened

How many numbers are in the Glasgow coast scale for eye opening?

4

how many numbers are in the glasgow coma scale for verbal response?

5

how many numbers are in the glasgow coma scale for motor response?

6

what are the three sections of the glasgow coma scale?

eye opening

verbal response

motor response

what is the max score you can receive to pass the glasgow coma scale?

15

what does a GCS of less than 8 require?

aggressive resuscitation

How long do you monitor the ABC’s for?

no more than 10 seconds

what are signs and symptoms of abnormal breathing?

inadequate rise and fall of the chest

increased effort on respiration

decreased level of consciousness

distressed breathing

cyanosis

very slow or fast breathing

what is it called when the skin appears blue?

cyanosis

what is it called when the skin appears white?

pallor

protocol for CPR is?

compression depth of 2 inches

30 compressions then 2 breaths

with breaths looking for chest to rise 1 inch

100 beats/minute

staying alive

what are the three avenues for further examination?

primary scan


1. head injury
2. spinal injury
3. peripheral joint injury

expressed vs implied consent?

expressed - yes please help me

implied - a reasonable situation when I should act

what does AED stand for?

automated external difibulator

what is the point of the glasgow coma scale?

checking consciousness

what injury is associated with low breathing, trauma to the brain?

injury to brain stem

when the skin is clammy a possible situation could be?

shock

when the skin is dry a possible situation could be?

heat exhaustion/stroke

what is myositis ossificans?

a (bruise) hematoma with lots of blood and calcium build up

when a bone forms inside your muscle or the soft tissue

What does LODRFICARA stand for?

location

onset

duration

radiation

frequency - constant or intermediate

intensity

character - tingling etc

aggravating factors - when rolling ankle etc

relieving factors - ice etc

associated symptoms - rolled ankle with pain in knee

what injury may cause fluid to come out of eyes, ears mouth or nose?

CSF - cerebral spinal fluid typically a cranial fluid

what does ICP stand for?

inter cranial pressure

what is bradycardia?

unusual slowing of HR, usually after lucid interval, indicates severe lower brain stem compression

symptoms of inter cranial pressure are?

\-altered LOC

\-unequal pupils

\-irregular eye movement

\-vomiting

body temp increase and irregular respiration

hypotension with bradycardia

what is nystagmus?

a condition of involuntary eye movement: horizontal, vertical or rotary.

can be bilateral or unilateral

what is end point nystagmus?

occurs in normal individual only at the extremes of gaze

\-increases with stress/fatigue

\-can be pathological

what is pathological nystagmus?

quick movement of eyes in the same direction regardless of gaze

\-occurs in full binocular vision, not just the periphery

What does PEARL stand for?

pupils

equal

and

reactive to

light

accommodation reflex is?

pupil changes size while focusing on near/far objects (CN II and III)

what is a hematoma?

a collection of blood

what types of hematoma’s are there?

epidural

subdural

what is an epidural hematoma?

large trauma

\-arterial blood

\-pterion (arterial blood perfusion)

\-dura peeled off skin

what is an subdural hematoma?

slow symptom

\-not as vigrous (venous blood perfusion)

\-venous blood

\

stinger or burners will:

\-only occur on one side, c5 or c6 dermatomes

\-no motor weakness

\-lasts seconds to minutes

cyanosis means:

not enough oxygenated blood

what is the most common type of shock?

hypovolemic

what are the types of shock?

anaphylactic

septic

cardiogenic

neurogenic

hypovolemic

anaphylactic shock is:

\-hypersensitivity or allergic reaction

\-allergy, insect bite, medicines and foods

septic shock is:

\-bacteria in the blood and releasing toxins

\-many different infections can cause this

cardiogeneic shock is:

\-heart is damaged and is unable to deliver sufficient amount of blood to the heart and body

\-heart attack or CHF

neurogenic shock is:

\-spinal cord injury, usually as a result of a traumatic accident or injury

hypovolemic shock is:

severe loss of blood and fluid In the body

heat cramps consist of:

\-spasms of muscle, due to fluid and electrolyte loss

\-muscle contraction, usually in legs and abdomen

heat exhaustion consists of:

normal to slight increase temperature, exhaustion, cool, moist, pale skin, headache, nausea

most common form of heat illness is:

heat exhaustion

heat stroke consists of:

high temperatures, red, hot, dry skin, LOC, rapid, weak pulse, rapid, shallow breathing

frostbite consists of:

freezing of body tissues

lack of feeling, waxy skin, cold to the touch and discolored

hypothermia consists of:

entire body cools, may result in death

\-shivering, slow, irregular pulse, numbness, glassy stare, apathy and declining LOC, changes in skin colour, slowly responding pupils