steps to develop an EAP:
-where is the nearest telephone
-EMS access door
-medical forms
-identify charge, control and call person
-AED location
-hospital location
-practice
-documentation (accident report)
the key to a well executed EAP is?
preparation
Possible dangers at a scene are?
traffic, fire, electricity, hazardous materials, unsafe structures, wreckage, multiple people injured, gas, natural disasters, water and ice, crime, drug labs, hostile situations, hostage situations
Primary survey of person is?
ABC
airway, breathing, circulation
What do you ask to access level of consciousness (LDL)?
what is your name
where are we
what tie of day is it
what happened
How many numbers are in the Glasgow coast scale for eye opening?
4
how many numbers are in the glasgow coma scale for verbal response?
5
how many numbers are in the glasgow coma scale for motor response?
6
what are the three sections of the glasgow coma scale?
eye opening
verbal response
motor response
what is the max score you can receive to pass the glasgow coma scale?
15
what does a GCS of less than 8 require?
aggressive resuscitation
How long do you monitor the ABC’s for?
no more than 10 seconds
what are signs and symptoms of abnormal breathing?
inadequate rise and fall of the chest
increased effort on respiration
decreased level of consciousness
distressed breathing
cyanosis
very slow or fast breathing
what is it called when the skin appears blue?
cyanosis
what is it called when the skin appears white?
pallor
protocol for CPR is?
compression depth of 2 inches
30 compressions then 2 breaths
with breaths looking for chest to rise 1 inch
100 beats/minute
staying alive
what are the three avenues for further examination?
primary scan
head injury
spinal injury
peripheral joint injury
expressed vs implied consent?
expressed - yes please help me
implied - a reasonable situation when I should act
what does AED stand for?
automated external difibulator
what is the point of the glasgow coma scale?
checking consciousness
what injury is associated with low breathing, trauma to the brain?
injury to brain stem
when the skin is clammy a possible situation could be?
shock
when the skin is dry a possible situation could be?
heat exhaustion/stroke
what is myositis ossificans?
a (bruise) hematoma with lots of blood and calcium build up
when a bone forms inside your muscle or the soft tissue
What does LODRFICARA stand for?
location
onset
duration
radiation
frequency - constant or intermediate
intensity
character - tingling etc
aggravating factors - when rolling ankle etc
relieving factors - ice etc
associated symptoms - rolled ankle with pain in knee
what injury may cause fluid to come out of eyes, ears mouth or nose?
CSF - cerebral spinal fluid typically a cranial fluid
what does ICP stand for?
inter cranial pressure
what is bradycardia?
unusual slowing of HR, usually after lucid interval, indicates severe lower brain stem compression
symptoms of inter cranial pressure are?
-altered LOC
-unequal pupils
-irregular eye movement
-vomiting
body temp increase and irregular respiration
hypotension with bradycardia
what is nystagmus?
a condition of involuntary eye movement: horizontal, vertical or rotary.
can be bilateral or unilateral
what is end point nystagmus?
occurs in normal individual only at the extremes of gaze
-increases with stress/fatigue
-can be pathological
what is pathological nystagmus?
quick movement of eyes in the same direction regardless of gaze
-occurs in full binocular vision, not just the periphery
What does PEARL stand for?
pupils
equal
and
reactive to
light
accommodation reflex is?
pupil changes size while focusing on near/far objects (CN II and III)
what is a hematoma?
a collection of blood
what types of hematoma’s are there?
epidural
subdural
what is an epidural hematoma?
large trauma
-arterial blood
-pterion (arterial blood perfusion)
-dura peeled off skin
what is an subdural hematoma?
slow symptom
-not as vigrous (venous blood perfusion)
-venous blood
stinger or burners will:
-only occur on one side, c5 or c6 dermatomes
-no motor weakness
-lasts seconds to minutes
cyanosis means:
not enough oxygenated blood
what is the most common type of shock?
hypovolemic
what are the types of shock?
anaphylactic
septic
cardiogenic
neurogenic
hypovolemic
anaphylactic shock is:
-hypersensitivity or allergic reaction
-allergy, insect bite, medicines and foods
septic shock is:
-bacteria in the blood and releasing toxins
-many different infections can cause this
cardiogeneic shock is:
-heart is damaged and is unable to deliver sufficient amount of blood to the heart and body
-heart attack or CHF
neurogenic shock is:
-spinal cord injury, usually as a result of a traumatic accident or injury
hypovolemic shock is:
severe loss of blood and fluid In the body
heat cramps consist of:
-spasms of muscle, due to fluid and electrolyte loss
-muscle contraction, usually in legs and abdomen
heat exhaustion consists of:
normal to slight increase temperature, exhaustion, cool, moist, pale skin, headache, nausea
most common form of heat illness is:
heat exhaustion
heat stroke consists of:
high temperatures, red, hot, dry skin, LOC, rapid, weak pulse, rapid, shallow breathing
frostbite consists of:
freezing of body tissues
lack of feeling, waxy skin, cold to the touch and discolored
hypothermia consists of:
entire body cools, may result in death
-shivering, slow, irregular pulse, numbness, glassy stare, apathy and declining LOC, changes in skin colour, slowly responding pupils