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13 Terms
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1
Neurotransmitters
Chemical messengers responsible for transmitting signals in the brain, influencing mood, movement, memory, and heart rate.
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2
Glutamate
The main excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS, crucial for learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity, but can cause excitotoxicity.
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3
Excitotoxicity
Neuronal damage caused by excessive stimulation by neurotransmitters like glutamate, leading to cell death.
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4
Acetylcholine (ACh)
The neurotransmitter important for muscle contractions, learning, memory, and autonomic nervous system function.
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5
GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)
The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS, which helps calm neuronal activity and prevent over-excitation.
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6
Dopamine
A neurotransmitter that regulates pleasure, reward, motivation, and movement, affected in disorders like Parkinson’s and schizophrenia.
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7
Serotonin (5-HT)
A neurotransmitter that regulates mood, sleep, appetite, and cognition, with imbalances linked to depression and anxiety.
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8
Norepinephrine
A neurotransmitter involved in increasing alertness and attention, also related to the fight-or-flight response.
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9
Myasthenia Gravis
An autoimmune disorder that affects communication between nerves and muscles, blocking acetylcholine receptors and causing muscle weakness.
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10
Parkinson's Disease
A neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor impairment due to the death of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra.
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11
Serotonin Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that occur with excess serotonin, including agitation, sweating, tachycardia, and hyperreflexia.
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12
Huntington’s Disease
A genetic disorder that results in the loss of GABA neurons, leading to uncontrolled movements.
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13
Epilepsy
A neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures due to low levels of GABA, causing uncontrolled neuronal firing.
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