Fats & Carbohydrates

Chemicals of Fats

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen

Digestion Product (Fats)

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Saturated Fats (definition)

Saturated fats consist mostly of saturated fatty acids, which do not contain any double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain, and therefore cannot take in any more hydrogen atoms.

Saturated Fats (examples)

Butter, Lard, Coconut oil

Monounsaturated Fats (definition)

Monounsaturated fats consist mostly of monounsaturated fatty acids. They contain one double bond within the hydrocarbon chain that can take in two hydrogen atoms.

Monounsaturated Fats (examples)

Avocado, Almonds, Olive Oil

Polyunsaturated Fats (definition)

Polyunsaturated fats consist mostly of polyunsaturated fatty acids. They contain two or more double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain that can take in four or more hydrogen atoms.

Polyunsaturated Fats (examples)

 Walnuts, Sunflower Seeds, Corn Oil

Trans Fats (definition)

Trans fats contain trans fatty acids that are produced during the hydrogenation of vegetable oils.

Trans Fats (examples)

Chicken nuggets, margarine

Functions of Fats (1): Insulation

The layer of fat under the skin reduces heat loss from the body, thus insulating the body against the cold.

Functions of Fats (2): Protection of vital organs

Vital organs in the body are protected by fat deposits. These fat deposits protect the body by cushioning the vital organs against impact and damaging blows.

Functions of Fats (3): Storage for fat-soluble vitamins

Fats in the body dissolve and store fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K), thus improving the absorption and use of these vitamins.

Chemicals of Carbohydrates

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen

Digestion Product (carbohydrates)

Fructose, Galactose, Glucose (Monosaccharides)

Carbohydrates

Simple and Complex

Monosaccharides (definition)

Monosaccharides are the simplest unit of carbohydrates.

Monosaccharides examples: Fructose & Glucose

Honey, Fruit, French bean(F), Corn(G)

Monosaccharides:Galactose (definition)

Binds with Glucose to form Lactose

Disaccharides (definition)

Disaccharides consist of two units of monosaccharides bonded together.

Disaccharides example: Lactose

Glucose & Galactose

Milk

Disaccharides example: Maltose

Glucose & Glucose

Germinating barley, Cooked sweet potato

Disaccharides example: Sucrose

Glucose & Fructose

Sugar Cane, Honey, Carrot

Polysaccharides (definition)

Polysaccharides are large carbohydrate molecules made up of more than 10 units of monosaccharides bonded together.

Polysaccharides examples: Starch

White Rice, Potato

Polysaccharides examples: Cellulose

Apple, Carrot, Brown Rice

Polysaccharides examples: Pectin

Lemon, Grapefruit, Orange

Functions of Carbohydrates (1): Source of Energy

Carbohydrates are one of the main sources of energy that fuels a person's daily activities. Glucose is the primary fuel for body cells. Red blood cells, brain cells and cells of the nervous system rely on glucose for energy

Functions of Carbohydrates (2): Aids Digestion

Carbohydrates in the form of dietary fibre provide bulk to stools, improve bowel movement and prevent constipation.