Moral Saints, Virtue Ethics, CBA, Environmental Ethics, Ethics of Technology, Ethics of A.I.

Moral saint

A person who always acts morally and prioritizes moral virtues over non-moral virtues.

Susan Wolf

Philosopher who argues that being a moral saint is not desirable.

Utilitarianism

Ethical theory that prioritizes maximizing overall happiness or utility.

Kantian ethics

Ethical theory based on the principles of duty and moral obligation.

Virtue ethics

Ethical theory that focuses on the development of moral character and virtues.

Standard of right action

According to virtue ethics, an action is morally right when it is in accordance with virtuous character traits.

Moral complexity

The idea that moral situations can be intricate and may not always have clear answers.

Moral understanding

The ability to comprehend and navigate moral situations.

Moral education

The process of cultivating moral character and understanding through teaching and practice.

Exigent moral decisions

Urgent or pressing moral choices that require immediate action.

Conflict and contradiction problem

Criticism that virtue ethics cannot provide clear guidance in situations with conflicting virtues or contradictory moral principles.

Priority problem

Criticism that virtue ethics does not provide a clear hierarchy or prioritization of virtues.

Cost benefit analysis (CBA)

Decision-making tool that compares the costs and benefits of a policy or project.

Monetization

Process of assigning monetary value to non-monetary factors in cost benefit analysis.

Discounting

The practice of reducing the value of future costs and benefits in cost benefit analysis.

Willingness to pay (WTP)

The maximum amount of money an individual is willing to pay for a good or service.

Distributional equity problem

The concern that cost benefit analysis may not adequately address the fair distribution of costs and benefits.

Valuation problem

Difficulty in assigning monetary value to intangible factors in cost benefit analysis.

Incommensurability

The inability to compare or measure certain factors in cost benefit analysis due to their differing nature.

Perspective problems

Challenges in accounting for different perspectives and values in cost benefit analysis.

Prediction problem

The uncertainty and difficulty in accurately predicting future costs and benefits in cost benefit analysis.

Control of future decisions problems

Concerns about the ability to control or influence future decisions based on the results of cost benefit analysis.

Risk-averse approach

Approach that prioritizes minimizing risks and uncertainties in decision-making.

Risk-neutral approach

Approach that does not prioritize minimizing risks and uncertainties in decision-making.

Precautionary principle

Principle that advocates for taking preventive action in the face of potential risks, even in the absence of scientific certainty.

Climate injustice

The unequal distribution of the impacts of climate change, particularly affecting vulnerable populations.

SSAI

Solar Stratospheric Aerosol Injection, a form of geoengineering.

Geoengineering

Intentional large-scale manipulation of the Earth's climate system to counteract climate change.

Moral schizophrenia

A moral condition characterized by conflicting moral beliefs or actions.

Creative myopia

A narrow or limited perspective that fails to consider alternative solutions or consequences.

Wayne's folly

A reference to a person named Wayne who exhibits problematic behavior, used as an analogy in the context of geoengineering.

Ethics of technology

The study of ethical issues related to the development, use, and impact of technology.

Formal assessment

A systematic evaluation of a new technology before its introduction to society.

Social experiments

Treating new technologies as experiments within society to observe their effects and make informed decisions.

Addictive technologies

Technologies designed to create addictive behaviors or dependencies in users.

Persuasive design

Design techniques used to influence user behavior and choices.

Attention economy

The economic value derived from capturing and directing people's attention.

Techno-determinism

The belief that technology determines social and cultural outcomes.

Nature of harm

The different ways in which persuasive design can cause harm, such as addiction, privacy violations, and mental health issues.

Social media addiction

Excessive and compulsive use of social media platforms, leading to negative consequences.

Trustworthy A.I.

Artificial intelligence that is reliable, ethical, and can be trusted.

Interpersonal concept of trust

Trust that is based on personal relationships and interactions.

Rational account

View of trust based on rational assessment of reliability and competence.

Affective account

View of trust based on emotional attachment and positive feelings.

Normative account

View of trust based on social norms and expectations.

Ryan vs. Ferrario et al.

Debate between Ryan and Ferrario et al. regarding the trustworthiness of A.I. technology.

Simple trust

A basic form of trust that does not require complex reasoning or evaluation.