Module 10 chem ANION GAP WORKSHEET

Define a cation:

a positively charged particle that plays a role in a patients anion gap

define anion:

a negatively charged particle that plays a role in a patients anion gap

what is an anion gap

It is the difference between positvely charged particles and negatively charged particles

in the context of a serum anion gap, which electrolyte is considered to be an "anion" (negative charge)

chloride

what parameters need to be measured to calculate a patients anion gap?

Total cabron dioxide (HCO3), BUN (urea),

what calculation is used for a patient ANION gap?

(Na) - (Cl + HCO3)

what substances are contributing to a patients anion gap

lactate, phosphate, bicarbonate

What is the reference range for a healthy anion gap

10-20 mmol/L

which body organ is primary responsible for regulating a patients anion gap

kidneys

Calculate the patients anion gap

Bicarbonate: 22 mmol/L

Chloride: 101 mmol/L

Sodium: 141 mmol/L

18 mmol/L

Calculate the patients anion gap

Bicarb: 33 mmol/L

Chloride: 107 mmol/L

Sodium: 154 mmol/L

14 mmol/L

Calculate the patients anion gap using the following results

Bicarb: 21 mmol/L

chloride: 110 mmol/L

Potassium: 5.4 mmol/L

Sodium: 161 mmol/L

35 mmol/L

What acronym is used for the 7 causes of an increased anion gap?

SLUMPED

What are the 3 causes of an increased anion gap?

lactic acidosis, renal failure, ketoacidosis

Calculate the patients anion gap

HCO3: 35

Chloride: 110

Potassium: 5.2

Sodium: 163

23 mmol/L

Calculate the patients anion gap

Sodium: 152

Potassium: 5.5

Chloride: 96

Carbon Dioxide: 20

42 mmol/L

Calculate the patients anion gap

Bicarbonate: 22

Chloride: 101

Sodium: 144

21 mmol/L

If a patients states "she can't take the kids anymore" and has stated that she has been drinking what is causing an increased anion gap?

Ethonal Intake

A decreased anion gap is most commonly seen with what condition?

Hypoalbuminemia

What condition can lead to an increased anion gap due to an acculmination of ketones in the blood?

Diabetic ketoacidosis