Metallic bonds

What is metallic bonding?

Metallic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalized electrons.

What model describes the free movement of electrons in metals?

The sea of electrons model.

What are the three key properties of metals due to metallic bonding?

Metals are conductive, malleable, and ductile.

What influences the melting point of metals?

The strength of the electrostatic attraction between cations and the sea of electrons.

What is a molecular compound?

A molecular compound is made up of molecules held together by covalent bonds.

Define the octet rule in relation to covalent bonding.

Nonmetals share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.

What type of bond is formed when two pairs of electrons are shared?

A double covalent bond.

What is electronegativity?

The ability of an atom to attract electrons toward itself in a chemical bond.

How does electronegativity differ across the periodic table?

Electronegativity generally increases from left to right across a period and from bottom to top within a group.

What do dipole interactions refer to?

Attractive forces between molecules with permanent, uneven distributions of charge (dipoles).

What are hydrogen bonds?

Strong attractions between a hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative atom and another electronegative atom in a different molecule.

What is the difference between electrolytes and nonelectrolytes?

Electrolytes conduct electric current in solution, while nonelectrolytes do not.

What is a surfactant?

A substance that reduces surface tension and increases wetting.

Define solvation.

The process where solvent molecules surround and interact with dissolved particles.

What is the formula for naming a binary ionic compound?

Cation first, then anion, balancing the charges with subscripts.

What determines the geometry of polar molecules?

The arrangement of electron pairs (bonding and lone pairs) that minimizes repulsion, as predicted by VSEPR theory.

What causes dispersion forces?

Temporary shifts in electron positions that create temporary charges and weak attractions between molecules.

What characterizes polar molecules?

An uneven distribution of electrons, leading to partial positive and negative charges.

What is a polyatomic ion?

A group of two or more atoms covalently bonded together that carries a net charge.

How are binary molecular compounds named?

By using prefixes to indicate the number of each atom present.

What is the significance of point defects in metals?

They can alter how a crystal structure looks and behaves.

What is covalent bonding?

Covalent bonding is the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

What is a coordination compound?

A coordination compound consists of a central metal atom or ion bonded to surrounding ligands.

What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, while covalent bonds involve sharing electrons.

How is bond length defined?

Bond length is the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms.

What factors affect bond strength?

Bond strength is affected by bond length, the type of bond (single, double, triple), and the electronegativity of the atoms involved.

What are intramolecular forces?

Intramolecular forces are the forces that hold atoms together within a molecule.

What are intermolecular forces?

Intermolecular forces are forces of attraction between molecules.

What is a resonance structure?

A resonance structure is one of two or more valid Lewis structures for a single molecule that cannot be represented accurately by only one structure.

What is a compound?

A compound is a substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together.

What determines the shape of a molecule according to VSEPR theory?

The shape of a molecule is determined by the repulsion between electron pairs around the central atom.