Principles of Genetics

These flashcards cover key concepts related to genetics, including definitions of terms like alleles, genotypes, phenotypes, and distinctions between dominant and recessive traits.

Alleles

Alternate forms of a gene that determine specific traits.

Dominant allele

The allele that masks the effect of the recessive allele in the phenotype.

Recessive allele

The allele that is masked by the dominant allele in the phenotype.

Homozygous dominant

Having two dominant alleles for a trait (e.g., EE).

Homozygous recessive

Having two recessive alleles for a trait (e.g., ee).

Heterozygous

Having one dominant and one recessive allele for a trait (e.g., Ee).

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an individual, represented by the alleles.

Phenotype

The physical appearance or observable traits of an individual.

Dominant phenotype

The observable characteristic in an individual with at least one dominant allele.

Recessive phenotype

The observable characteristic in an individual with two recessive alleles.

Earlobe shape

Trait determined by alleles where unattached earlobes (E) are dominant over attached earlobes (e).