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Proximate causations of behavior
Focus on the immediate reasons or mechanisms that drive behavior, answering "how" questions.
Ultimate causation of behavior
Concerned with evolutionary questions, exploring the long-term reasons for behavior.
Mechanisms of learning
Processes such as problem-solving through which individuals acquire new knowledge or skills.
Instinct influences learning preparedness
Instinct acts as a guide, like guardrails, determining what type of information can be learned.
Song learning in white-crowned sparrows
Illustrates the interaction of instinct and learning in song development during the critical period.
Systems for navigation
Include methods like using stars, magnetic fields, and the sun for orientation.
Signals in mate attraction
Pheromones, chemical messengers facilitating communication within the same species.
Economic analysis of behaviors
Considers the costs associated with behaviors, like the example of peacocks and their feathers.
Parental investment
Refers to the resources and effort parents put into raising offspring, influencing mate choice.
Altruism
Behavior benefiting others at a cost to the actor, including concepts like reciprocal altruism and kin selection.
Advantages of group living
Include better protection from predators and increased feeding success for individuals in a group.
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