First Note package - To what extent is resistance to liberalism justified?

Classical liberalism

• Importance of human rationality

• Based on free market

• Individualism

Rise of Classical liberalism

• Renaissance and the importance of an individual

• Reason over faith → rise of the enlightenment

Humanism and the Renaissance

• Revived interest in Greek and Roman throughout Italy and France

• Approached life based on reason and common humanity—away from religion

  • Ex. questioning authority of monarch and church

Humanist

• Believing in the supremacy of reason of individuals over faith

  • Interpretation of history, beliefs about human nature, the structure of society, purpose of life based on reason rather than religion

Protestant Reformation

• Believing that the enlightenment new ideas could lead to Freer and more tolerant societies

  • Ex. breakdown of feudal economic order, urbanization and growth of wealthy middle class

British Civil War

• Fought between those loyal to the king and those loyal to Parliament(gov) →Conflict abt fundamental questions about power and religion

Classical liberalism and the enlightenment

• Laid foundations for liberalism with ideas like Liberty equality natural light democracy freedom of religion and self-government

• Government power should be limited by rule of law

Montesquieu

• Believed inequality of individuals and accountability of government

• Separation of government into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial

  • Branches should be separate from each other and also independent on one another

  • People needed to be involved in the government—> democracy

  • Radical ideas at time

Haudenosaunee Confederacy/Iroquois Confederacy

• First to come up with the separation of power in the government (longest running democracy)

• Alliance between five nations —> a way to unite the Nations and create peaceful means of decision making with the common goal to live in harmony

• Chiefs selected by clan mother(woman equality) —> Chiefs equal in rank and authority

Great Law of Peace

• Constitution of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy

• Outline the path to Harmony →divided powers between different levels of government = established equal participation of people in government including women

  • Guaranteed certain freedoms like Freedom of speech, religion, and rights of individual

Influence of the Haudenosaunee

• Argue that the ideas and values of the Great Law of Peace influenced American Writers for the Constitution

Similarities between Western revolutions

Check notes

Industrial Revolution - Why Britain?

• Agricultural revolution, possessed effective Central Bank and ready supply of capital(Money), small which made transportation easy

• Ready outlet for manufactured goods —> vast Colonial Empire, Strong British domestic markets, highest living standards, possessed well developed Merchant Marine that could transport goods anywhere

Classical liberal politics —> economics

• During IR, new mechanical inventions were used to manufacture Goods = large factories were built and middle class started to develop investing in industry

• Economic system began to change and entrepreneurs and businessman began to demand more economic freedom

• Check class system diagram in notes