Purdue Bio203 Exam 2 Cartes | Quizlet

The glenohumeral joint is where the ______ of the scapula meets the humerus

glenoid cavity

Which joint classifications are used to describe how the bone ends of a joint are held together?

Bony, fibrous, synovial or cartilaginous

What holds the bones together in a fibrous joint?

Collagen fibers

A bony immovable joint is called a(n)

Synostosis

The fusion of the right and left mandible into a single mandible bone during fetal development is an example of the formation of what kind of joint?

Synostosis

True or False: Bone joints are formed by ossification of either fibrous or cartilaginous joints

True

Correctly classify the shown joint as fibrous, cartilaginous or synovial (Suture)

fibrous

True or False: The anatomical name of a joint is determined by the manner in which the bone ends are connected at the joint

False

What is another term for a fibrous joint?

Synarthosis

What of the following is produced by embryonic bones fusing seamlessly into one adult bone?

Synostosis

Which class of joints includes sutures and gomphoses?

Fibrous

Which joints are synostosis?

The closure of an epiphyseal plate; The joining of left and right halves of the mandible

Based on structure, the sagittal suture is what type of joint?

Fibrous

What fibrous joint is found in the skull?

Suture

How are individual joints typically named?

Based on the names of the bones involved in the joint

What is a joint in which a hard object, such as a tooth, is held in a bone cavity called?

Gomphosis

All three types of fibrous joints are?

Gomphosis, Suture, Syndesmosis

What is a syndesmosis held together by?

Long collagen fibers

Joints with an interosseous membrane are example of which type of fibrous joint?

Syndesmoses

Where are sutures found?

Only in the skull

Intervertebrated discs comprised of fibrocartilage are found within what type of joints?

Symphyses

What holds the bone ends of an amphiarthrodial joint together?

Cartilage

The epiphyseal plate in a growing bone is an example of what type of joint?

Synchondrosis

A _____ is a type of mobile fibrous joint in which bones are held together by a band of long collagen fibers

syndesmosis

A lubricating fluid that reduces friction between the bones is found where

Synovial joints

True or False, joints containing an interosseous membrane are examples of fibrous joints

True

Because it is a freely moveable joint, a synovial joint is called a what?

Diarthosis joint

A pubic symphysis is an example of which type of joint?

Cartilaginous

What is the type of hyaline cartilage found at the end of bones within a synovial joint called?

Articular cartilage

List the types of cartilaginous joints

Symphyses and synchondroses

The inner layer of a joint capsule that secretes synovial fluid is called the membrane

Synovial

What type of joint is found between the costal cartilage of rib one and the sternum?

Synchondrosis

Which joint is most likely to develop dysfunction due to it's complexity?

Synovial

What comprises the outer layer of a synovial joint capsule?

Fibrous cartilage

What are articular discs, as the one in the temporomandibular joint, made of?

Fibrocartilage

Which structure attaches a muscle to bone?

Tendon

What is the function of synovial fluid?

Lubrication💧

What does a ligament connect?

Bone to another bone

What is the function of a tendon sheath?

Prevent friction

Which are found in a joint capsule?

Fibrous cartilage/ Synovial membrane/ Fibrous capsule

Which structure is found between the bones of the temporomandibular joint?

Fibrocartilage pad

A lever that would produce more speed or distance than the force exerted on it

A lever with mechanical advantage of less than 1.0

Tendons can serve which of the following functions?

Attaches muscle to bone/ stabilize a joint

In a musculoskeletal lever system, what force does the muscle contraction provide?

Effort

A strip of tough collagenous tissue attaching a bone to another bone is called a

Ligament

What are the fibrous sacs filled with synovial fluid found in areas where friction from tendons occurs called?

Bursae

A synovial joint cavity is enclosed by which of the following?

Joint capsule

Within a musculoskeletal lever system, what is the fulcrum?

Joints

Within a lever system, what is the resistance arm?

The portion of the lever from the fulcrum to the point of resistance

True of False: The tone of an opposing muscle can represent resistance in a musculoskeletal lever system

True

What is a bursa wrapped around a tendon called?

Tendon sheath

What compromises the outer layer of a synovial joint capsule?

Fibrous capsule

If a lever's mechanical advantage is 1.0 or greater, what is true?

The lever produces more force (but less speed or distance) than the force exerted on it

What are the three factors that can represent resistance in a musculoskeletal lever system?

The weight of a limb/ the object being moved/ the opposing muscle tension

Extension of the arm at the elbow is an example of what type of lever system?

First class lever

What describes a second class lever?

The resistance is located between the fulcrum and effort

What describes a third class lever?

The effort is located between the fulcrum and the resistance

Trapeziometacarpal Joint is a?

Saddle joint

Ulnar-humeral joint is a?

Hinge joint

A joint between carpal bones is a ?

Plane joint

Glenohumeral joint is a?

Ball-and-socket joint

Radioulnar joint is a?

Pivot joint

Metacarpophalangeal joint is a?

Condylar joint

When one is standing in anatomical position, joints are said to be in what position?

Zero position

The arrow A indicates a movement called? Raising of bicep

Flexion

A joint that is extended beyond zero position is said to be what?

Hyperextended

What is moving a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body called?

Abduction

Which movement lowers a body part vertically in the frontal plane?

Depression

Extending a joint beyond the zero position is always an abnormal movement?

False

In which movement does a bone spin on its longitudinal axis?

Rotation

Which two characteristics describe adduction?

A movement towards the midline of the body/ A movement along the frontal plane

Rotation of the bent upper limb of the shoulder, bringing the forearm towards the midline of the body is an example of?

Medial rotation

A movement that turns the palm forward or upward is called?

Supination

Which of the following describes elevation?

A bone raised vertically

What are two characteristics of protraction?

Movement along the transverse plane/ an anterior movement of the bone

What movement is the arrow indicating? Circular arm motion

Circumduction

True or false: Ulnar flexion tilts the hand laterally at the wrist?

False

Identify the movement indicated by the arrow (arm inwards)

Medial rotation

What is the movement of toes downward, as when jumping or stepping on a gas pedal called?

Plantar flexion

Which describes pronation?

Turning the palm posteriorly

_______ of the foot turns the sole of the foot laterally

Eversion

Reaching forward to open a door involves which action of the shoulder joint?

Protraction

What factors allow the shoulder to have a wide range of motion?

loose joint capsule and shallow joint cavity

What are the four important muscles that help stabilize the shoulder joint?

Infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor, supraspinatus

Tilting the hand medially while in anatomical position is called what?

Ulnar felxion

What is the movement of the foot upwards, as when walking on your heels called?

Dorsiflexion

The tendons of which muscles form the rotator cuff?

Supraspinatus, infraspinatu, teres minor, subscapularis

What is turning the sole of the foot medially called?

Inverison

What are the two articulations of the elbow joint?

Humeroradial/humeroulnar

The ______ joint is the articulation between the arm and shoulder, also known as the shoulder joint?

Glenohumeral

The proximal radioulnar joint ______part of the hinge action at the elbow joint

is not

In addition to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus, what other muscles stabilize the shorter joint?

Teres minor, biceps brachii, subscapularis

Which joint is the most complex diarthrosis in the body?

Knee joint

The joint capsule of the knee encloses which aspects of the knee joint?

Lateral and posterior

What are the two primary stabilizing structures of the knee?

Tendon of the semimembranosus/ tendon of the quadriceps femoris

What are the menisci of the knee composed of?

Fibrocartilage

Which is a superficial ligament located on the medial surface of the knee?

Tibial collateral ligament

True or false: In terms of structure, the knee is no more complicated than either the hip or ankle joints

False

Which knee ligament prevents posterior movement of the tibia?

Posterior cruciate ligament

Which aspect of the knee is not covered by the joint capsule

Anterior