The First Romanov Tsars & Old Believer's Schism

Who is Mikhail I Romanov?

Ivan IV’s grand-nephew related to Ivan IV’s first wife Anastasia

How old was Mikhail Romanov when he was elected to be Tsar?

16

What happened to Mikhail I in 1613?

was elected by the Zemsky Sobor to be the Tsar

Mikhail I Romanov was elected… before accepting this position what did he do before it?

Tsar by the Semsky Sobor in 1613, repeatedly refused before accepting

When was Mikhail I Romanov crowned?

July 22 1613

What did Mikhail I Romanov find? How long does this last?

Romanov Dynasty, lasts 300 years

Describe Mikhail I Romanov’s personality

delicate health, very pious, serious in public, loved singing and playing the organ

How many times was Mikhail I Romanov married? How many children?

married twice, 10 children

Who was Mikhail I Romanov mentored by?

mentored by his father Patriarch Filaret, who was the de facto ruler until his death in 1633

What did Patriarch Filaret do?

served as Mikhail’s de facto ruler until his death

How did Patriarch Filaret die?

stroke

Who was Mikhail I Romanov succeeded by?

Aleksy I Romanov

What ended the time of troubles?

Mikhail’s death and succession by Aleksey, peace was made with Poland and Sweden

What did Aleksey increase?

increased diplomatic, commercial and cultural contacts with Western Europe

What did Aleksey introduce ?

western industrial and military technologies, and reorganization of the army

What reconstruction did Mikhail I Romanov do?

reconstruction of the Moscow Kremlin, the gothic towers and royal palaces

Who is Aleksey I Romanov?

son of MIkhail I Romanov who succeeded him

Describe Aleksey I Romanov’s personality

athletic, energetic, quick-witted, amiable, prone to fits of temper, pious and gentle

What was Aleksey’s nicknamse?

Alexis the “Quiet”/”Pious”

What are Aleksey I Romanov’s pastimes?

falconry, hunting, gardening, sketching, writing, pomp, spectacle and luxury

Who was Aleksey I Romanov tutored by?

Boyar Boris Morozov

Who was Aleksey I Romanov’s first and second wife, how many children?

Maria Miloslavskaya, 13 children, Natalia Naryshkina, 3 children

Aleksey I Romanov continued the reconstruction of….

Kremlin (Terem Palace), and German Suburb (Quarter), and Kolomenskoe estate near Moscow

Aleksey I Romanov’s Kolomenskoe estate is what kind of style?

Moscow Baroque style, very flamboyant, onion domes, very curvy

During Aleksey I Romanov’s there was a flourishing of?

decorative arts, icons, book printing, jewelry, armory palace

During Aleksey’s rule there was an introduction of…

postal system

What did Aleksey form during his reign? What reforms did he doncut?

formed the first regullar national army, and conducted monetary reforms

What was made law in 1649? Who was the ruler? How long did it last?

serfdom, Aleksey, lasted until 1861

What did Aleksey recover?

some old Russian lands from Poland, and reunited Russia and Eastern part of Ukraine in 1654

Who is Patriarch Nikon?

Church’s reform conducted by him who triggered the “Old Believers'“ schism in the Russian Church, 1652-1666

What is raskoliniki?

schismatics

Where did the Old Believers move?

North, Urals and Siberia

What did the Ecumenical Council of 1666-67 do?

supported Church’s reform but exiled both Nikon and Avvakum

What are self-immolitions?

setting yourself on fire as a political statement

Old believers have a great focus on?

communal prayer (sobornost)

Old believers do the sign of the cross with how many fingers?

2

How is Jesus spelled by Old Believers?

Isus

Who supported the Old Believers in 18th and 19th century?

Peter I

Old Believers conformity to?

iconic method of living in family and monastic life

Old Believers: what direction of processions?

sunwise direction (not counter sunwise as in ROC)

How many times did old believers sing halleuluia?

twice (not thrice like ROC)

What kind of liturgical singing did Old Believers do?

unison/monophonic and congregational (not polyphonic and choir singing like ROC)