Week 1 muscles

Extrinsic

Muscles that have an attachment from the body to the limb are considered what?

Intrinsic

Muscles that only have attachments in the thoracic liimb are considered what?

Brachiocephalicus

Which extrinsic muscle is the primary advancer of the limb and has 4 parts?

Omotransversarius

Which extrinsic muscle pulls the neck laterally?

Trapezius

Which extrinsic muscle elevates the scapula?

Latissimus dorsi

Which extrinsic muscle pulls the limb caudally when not weight baring and pulls the limb cranially when weight bearing?

Superficial pectoral

Which extrinsic muscle adducts the limb when non weight bearing and prevents abduction when weight bearing?

Deep pectoral

Which extrinsic muscle when non weight bearing adducts the thoracic limb and pulls it caudally?

Rhomboideus

Which extrinsic muscle draws the limb forward, fixes scapula against trunk and elevates limb and neck?

Rhomboideus muscles

In some cattle species the bos taurus indicus (hump) is present, what extrinsic muscle is this the widening of?

Superficial cervical (aka prescapular ln)

What lymph node does the omotransversarius muscle cover and needs to be palpated when performing a canine physical exam?

Subclavius

There are 8 typical extrinsic muscles present in the cat and dog, which extra muscle is present in ungulates?

Supraspinatus

Which intrinsic shoulder muscle stabilizes and extends the shoulder and acts as a colateral ligament?

Supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Where does the suprapinatus muscle originate?

Greater tubercle of the humerus

Where does the supraspinatus muscle insert in carnivores?

On lesser and greater tubercle of the humerus

Where does the supraspinatus muscle insert in herbivores and omnivores?

Infraspinatus

What intrinsic shoulder muscle substitutes for a lateral collateral ligament, stabilizes the shoulder joint, and supports either flexion or extension of the shoulder joint depending on the position of the joint?

Infraspinatus fossa of the scapula

Where does the infraspinatus originate?

Greater tubercle of the humerus (there is a bursa present between tendon of insertion and greater tubercle)

Where does the infraspinatus insert?

Biceps Brachii

What intrinsic muscle of the cranial brachium flexes the elbow joint and extends the shoulder. It also stabilizes the shoulder joint during standing?

Supraglenoid tubercle

Where does the biceps brachii originate?

Proximal radius and ulna

Where does the biceps brachii insert in dogs?

Radial tuberosity and the extensor carpi radialis muscle via laceratus fibrosus

In the horse, what two locations does the biceps brachii insert on?

Lacertus fibrous

What tendon of the horse biceps brachii inserts onto the extensor carpi radialis as it traverses over the cubital joint?

Shoulder, elbow and knee

What aspects of the horse forelimb are fixed when standing? aka stay apparatus?

Metacarpal tuberosity on the third meta carp

Where does the extensor carpi radialus insert onto?

Cartilaginous

What kind of tendon is the laceratus fibrous?

Triceps brachii

Which intrinsic muscle of the caudal brachium is the most important extensor of the elbow?

Onto the olecranon

Where do the four heads of the triceps brachii insert onto?

Long, lateral, medial and accessory?

What are the four heads of the triceps?

Accessory

Which head of the triceps is absent in horses?

Radialis

What nerve will innervate the extensors of the carpus and digits?

High radial nerve injury

The inability to extend elbow, bear weight, and inability to fix or extend forelimb are due to what kind of injury?

Low radial nerve injury

The loss of extension of the distal limb, resulting in a knuckled digits in the characteristic toe drag could be attributed to what kind of injury?

Median and ulnar nerves

Flexors of the carpus and digits are innervated by which nerves?

SDFM (superficial digital flexor muscle)

Which muscle of the horse antebrachium flexes the proximal interphalngeal joint and stabilizes the fetlock joint?

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Where does the SDFM originate in the forelimb?

Radial check ligament

The SDFM inserts at two places, the more distal tendon attaches to the middle phalanx, while the more proximal tendon attaches to the radius by a short fibrous band. What is this short band called?

DDFT (deep digital flexor tendon)

Which tendon of the horse antebrachium passes through the manica flexoria?

DDFM (deep digital flexor muscle)

Which muscle of the horse antebrachium flexes the distal interphalangeal joint, therfore flexes the whole foot?

Accessory check ligament

What ligament will enforce the DDFM at the level of the metacarpus?

Fetlock

At what level will you find the manica flexoria? (metacarpus, fetlock, or proximal phalanx)

Flexor surface of the distal phalanx

Where does the DDFM insert?

Suspensory ligament

Which ligament of the metacarpal bones is extremely important for the stay apparatus because it stabilizes the fetlock and aids in locomotion?

Interosseus muscle

What is another term for the suspensory ligament?

DDFM and the SDFM

What are the major muscles that flex the carpus and digits?

Palmar carpal ligament and proximal part of the palmar surface of metacarpal 3 bone

Where does the interosseous muscle originate in the horse?

Splint bones

Which bones does the interosseous muscle descend between before it divides above the fetlock?

Abaxial surface of the proximal sesamoid bones and common digital extensor tendon

What two areas does the interosseous muscle insert on?

To prevent overextension of the metatarsophalangeal joint

What is the action of the interosseous muscle?

DDFM

Which muscle opposes the dorsal elastic ligaments and once active will protrude the claws for scratching and digging in dogs?

Dorsal elastic ligaments

Which group of ligaments keeps the claws elevated?

DDFM

Which muscle in cats will protrude the claws when contracted?

Dorsal elastic ligaments

Which group of ligaments are unequal in length and can cause the claws to be fully retracted?

onychectomy

What terrible and abusive surgery should only be done in some scenarios due to its debilitating affect it has on cats?