Geology 209 Midterm 1 Answers

Subdiscipline of geology, which represents the study of the rocks (igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic).

Petrology

Branch of geology that is the study of the successions of layers and bodies of rocks in the Earth crust.

Stratigraphy

Subdiscipline of geology, which represents the study of sediments and their deposition

Sedimentology

Science is transformed into ___________________ by not fully accepting its unlimited field of research and lack of directionality.

Pseudoscience

The modern heliocentric model of the Solar System was given by _____________.

Nicolaus Copernicus

The Solar System is situated in this branch of the Milky Way.

Cygnus-Orion

The beginning of the known Universe expansion is dated at circa ____________.

13.7-13.8 Billion

The source of the Sun radiated energy is given by ___________.

Thermo-nuclear reactions

Most of the Sun consists of the elements __________ and ___________.

Helium, Hydrogen

The vast depression zones at the Moon surface are referred to as ____________ (hint: relief forms opposite to highlands).

Marae

concentrates most of the Solar System mass (hint: over 98%).
a)mars
b)Jupiter
c)pluto
d)none of the above

None of the above

Which of the following planets does not have a core consisting of molten matter?

Jupiter

These celestial bodies of the Solar System are often informally referred to as "flying mountains"

Asteroids

Meteorites having traces of organic matter in their mass are known as

Carbonaceous Chondrites

The most frequent metal associated with iron in the iron meteorites is

Nickel

is the largest terrestrial planet
A)mars
b)Saturn
c)pluto
d)none of the above

None of the above

A silicate-dominated meteorite that has no chondrules in its mass is known as

Achondrite

. Planet of the Solar System other than the Earth that yielded compelling evidence to demonstrate the existence of free water at the surface during its past

Mars

First celestial bodies formed according to the Solar Nebula Theory from the matter concentrated in the concentrical rings around the cloud centre are the

Proto-planets

This kind of celestial body or agglomeration of matter is the starting structure in the Solar Nebula Theory

Nebula

Birth of Sun (as star!) is considered to begin when

Thermo-nuclear reactions started in the Proto-sun

The radiation flux from the Sun is known as

solar wind

The point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus is referred to as

Epicenter

The Mohorovich discontinuity is the boundary between

Mantle and Crust

What continent or subcontinent was not part of Gondwana?

Europe

The asthenosphere is situated between ________ and _________

Lithosphere & Mesosphere

Tectonic plate that does not have a continent on it

Pacific Plate

The physical state of the Earth's inner core is

Liquid but behaves as a solid

are the dominant rocks in the oceanic crust

Basalts

Earth internal structure is best described as

Layered

is the dominant element on Earth

Iron

is the dominant gas in Earth's atmosphere.

Nitrogen

Planet of the Solar System other than the Earth that has well-developed ice caps

Mars

is the only satellite of Jupiter on which volcanic activity was observed

Io

Jovian planet's general appearance is best described as

Gaseous