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Battle of the Atlantic

Fought from 1939 to 1945, it was a continuous naval conflict between the Allies and Axis powers, focusing on control of vital shipping routes across the Atlantic.

Operation Torch

This operation began on November 8, 1942, involving Allied landings in French North Africa to gain control of the region and push Axis forces out.

Battle of Stalingrad

This battle took place from August 23, 1942, to February 2, 1943, where Soviet forces successfully encircled and defeated the German 6th Army, marking a turning point on the Eastern Front.

Casablanca Conference

In January 1943, this conference between Allied leaders set the stage for the later invasion of Europe, where Roosevelt and Churchill agreed on the strategy to defeat Nazi Germany before focusing on Japan.

Sicily

This island campaign, which began in July 1943, was part of the Allies' strategy to weaken Axis control in the Mediterranean and advance toward Europe.

Battle of Britain

This was an air battle fought in the summer and fall of 1940, where the Royal Air Force successfully defended Britain from a sustained German bombing campaign.

Tehran Conference

In late 1943, this meeting between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin set the groundwork for future Allied strategies and the post-war order.

Battle of the Bulge

This battle, fought from December 16, 1944, to January 25, 1945, was a last-ditch effort by Germany to break through the Allied lines in the Ardennes, but ultimately resulted in a decisive Allied victory.

Operation Overlord

This operation, launched on June 6, 1944, marked the beginning of the Allied invasion of Western Europe through Normandy.

Battle of the Coral Sea

Fought from May 4 to May 8, 1942, this battle was a pivotal naval engagement between the United States and Japan, where the Allies stopped a Japanese attempt to seize Port Moresby in New Guinea.

Battle of Midway

This battle, fought from June 4 to June 7, 1942, was a decisive naval engagement that turned the tide of the war in the Pacific in favor of the Allies, where the U.S. Navy successfully ambushed and defeated a Japanese fleet.

Battle of Guadalcanal

This long battle, fought from August 7, 1942, to February 9, 1943, was the first major Allied offensive against Japan, taking place on a strategic island in the Pacific.

Battle of Saipan

This battle, fought from June 15 to July 9, 1944, saw the U.S. Marines capture this strategically important island in the Pacific, which paved the way for further Allied advances toward Japan.

Battle of Iwo Jima

This battle, fought from February 19 to March 26, 1945, was a brutal amphibious assault by U.S. Marines to capture this island, which provided a staging area for the final assault on Japan.

Battle of Okinawa

This battle, fought from April 1 to June 22, 1945, was one of the bloodiest of the Pacific War, where Allied forces secured an island close to Japan’s home islands, setting the stage for the final assault on Japan.

Manchuria & China

This region was invaded by Japan in 1931, and the occupation continued through much of the war, contributing to tensions with China and the eventual involvement of the Allies.

Tokyo

This city was the target of a devastating bombing on March 10, 1945, which resulted in massive destruction and civilian casualties, using incendiary bombs to create a firestorm.

Hiroshima

This city was the site of the first atomic bomb attack on August 6, 1945, which led to massive destruction and the eventual surrender of Japan.

Nagasaki

This city was the site of the second atomic bomb attack on August 9, 1945, which also played a role in Japan's surrender.

Potsdam Conference

This conference, held in July-August 1945, marked the meeting of Allied leaders to discuss post-war arrangements and the demand for Japan’s unconditional surrender

Austria

This country was annexed by Nazi Germany in 1938, and its occupation marked the beginning of increased tensions leading to World War II.

Poland

This country was invaded by Germany in 1939, marking the official start of World War II in Europe.

Czechoslovakia

This country was occupied by Nazi Germany from 1939 to 1945, and its government was a key ally to the Axis Powers during the war.

Allied Powers

This term refers to the coalition of countries that opposed the Axis Powers, including the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and many others.

Axis Powers

This term refers to the coalition of countries that included Germany, Italy, and Japan, who were the primary aggressors during World War II.