AP HuG Unit 7 Module 56 Review

Explain the relationship between economic growth and girls’ education rates

as a country’s economy grows, girls and women stay in school longer and have higher rates of college attendance

In what direction has women’s education rate been going?

secondary education rates have been rising in the twenty-first century

In what places do women’s college enrollment rates outnumber men’s?

developed countries

How does higher education for girls alter women’s roles in society?

delayed marriage and lower rates of adolescent childbearing

How has economic growth affected girls’ family roles compared to those of boys?

they have become more similar

How has increased education affected women’s roles?

reduced family obligations, formal sector work, more public life engagement

At what scale do women and men typically assigned to?

women: household, men: local, regional, global

How is individual liberty and privilege measured?

geographic mobility

How have women’s increased education and participation in the formal workforce increased their geographic mobility?

economic growth for countries opened up jobs for women, making it more acceptable for women to move independently between home and workplace

What other changes accompanying economic development have the effect of releasing women from domestic spaces?

appliances and electricity freed up time for women to work paid jobs

What is the relationship between higher education rates for women and civic life participation?

higher education is associated with more public participation, which is related to women’s increasing ability to make choices and participate in societal decision making

Describe the relationship between economic development and women’s political participation

it is not straightforward: there are still some cultural biases against women’s participation in politics in developed countries, such as the US. some developing countries have laws that require more equitable representation of women in elected offices

What does “women’s work” typically refer to?

unpaid labor at home, based on the idea that women are responsible for domestic spaces

What are some downsides to women being pushed towards the informal sector?

labor conditions are worse and wages are lower

What workforce are women a large part of in developing economies?

agriculture

What is the link between women in agriculture and GDP per capita

lower GDP per capita is related to high rates of women in agriculture

In what kinds of countries do highest rates of women’s participation in the workforce exist?

highest and lowest GDP per capita

How is clerical work an example of men’s and women’s work varying?

it was considered men’s work in the 19th century but is now considered women’s work in the US. in India it is still considered men’s work

How are gender divisions in work enforced?

legally, sometimes

How was the manufacturing sector divided in the US?

traditionally men’s work, women’s work during WWII, then back to predominantly men’s work for some time

In what countries and industries may manufacturing jobs be considered women’s work?

developing countries, especially for garment, toy, and electronic assembly, Mexico, China, Indonesia

What are the two sides to women’s employment in manufacturing work in developing countries?

it increases women’s formal work opportunities and independence but also maintains gender disparities, low wages, repressive working conditions, and minimal job security

How much are women a part of the quaternary and quinary?

They are significantly underrepresented

What consequence resulted from gender coding of jobs

women earn 20 to 30 percent less than men worldwide

In what places is the gender wage gap bigger or smaller?

smaller in developed countries than in developing countries

What regions are closest to and farthest from gender parity?

Europe is closest and north Africa and the Middle East are the farthest

Why was microcredit introduced?

to help women in developing countries break their bonds of poverty

Where was the most successful microcredit achieved?

in Bangladesh by Muhammad Yunus

Explain the impact of the initial microcredit programs?

they were so promising that they became a standard component of economic development policy; UN declared 2005 the Year of Microcredit; 80% of people receiving microloans in 2015 were women

What result did studies on microloan success show?

no average microloan recipient was better off financially than those who did not receive one

What are some ways microloans are used?

pay school fees, daily life improvements