Biology 225 - Exam 2 - Systems Physiology

Memorize this. (I)

ok!

What does the brain do? (I)

Higher functions, complex task initiation, perception, emotion

What does the spinal cord do? (I)

Reflexes, carries motor and sensory signals

What protects the vertebrate CNS? (I)

Meninges and CSF

You know the meninges. (I)

yes i do!

What does the blood brain barrier do? (I)

Physiologically isolates the CNS

The brain and spinal cord are composed of this. (I)

grey and white matter

Functions of the spinal cord? (I)

mediates spinal reflexes, pathway for impulses involving brain

What is a nerve? (I)

Bundled axons of peripheral neurons

What are somas clustered in the CNS? PNS? (I)

nuclei, gangila

True or false? nerves can carry both sensory and motor signals. (I)

True

What do reflex arcs control? (I)

many involuntary behaviors

What is a reflex arc? (I)

Automatic subconscious response to stimuli

What is a simple reflex arc? (I)

sensory-motor

What reflex arc is most common? (I)

sensory-association-motor

What are bundles of axons in the CNS called? (II)

tracts

What do ascending tracts carry? (II)

sensory information from PNS to CNS

What do descending tracts carry? (II)

motor instructions from CNS to effector organs

Where do efferent outputs originate? (II)

brain

Define ipsilateral. Define contralateral. (II)

Same side, different side

What would a withdrawal reflex involve? (II)

sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron

Reflex arcs employ _____ to ensure coordinated responses (II)

Divergence

What are the three branches of the autonomic nervous system? (II)

Sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric

What does the sympathetic nervous system do? (II)

Active during stress or activity. Fight or flight. Increases HR, breathing rate, directs blood to working muscles.

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do? (II)

Active during rest. Resting and digesting. Redirects energy towards maintenance activates.

The sympathetic and parasympathetic branches are typically _____. (II)

antagonistic

How do sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia differ? (II)

In location and neurotransmitter (Norepinephrine vs acetylcholine)

What organ is innervated solely by the sympathetic nervous system? (II)

Adrenal medulla

Somatic motor neurons innervate this tissue for voluntary movements (II)

skeletal muscle