apush units 1-6

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, culture, and diseases between Europe and the Americas after Columbus's voyage.

Mercantilism

Economic policy where colonies exist to benefit the mother country by providing raw materials and a market for finished goods.

The First Great Awakening

A religious revival in the American colonies during the 1730s and 1740s, marked by emotional sermons and a focus on personal religious experience.

The Enlightenment

A philosophical movement that emphasized reason and individualism rather than tradition. Influenced revolutionary thought.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, culture, and diseases between Europe and the Americas after Columbus's voyage.

Mercantilism

Economic policy where colonies exist to benefit the mother country by providing raw materials and a market for finished goods.

The First Great Awakening

A religious revival in the American colonies during the 1730s and 1740s, marked by emotional sermons and a focus on personal religious experience.

The Enlightenment

A philosophical movement that emphasized reason and individualism rather than tradition. Influenced revolutionary thought.

Jamestown

First permanent English settlement in North America, founded in 1607 in Virginia.

Indentured Servitude

Labor system where people paid for their passage to the New World by working for an employer for a certain number of years.

Puritans

English Protestants who sought to purify the Church of England from all Roman Catholic practices.

Mayflower Compact

First agreement for self-government in America, signed by the men on the Mayflower in 1620.

Salutary Neglect

British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep the American colonies obedient to England.

French and Indian War

Conflict between Great Britain and France in North America from 1754 to 1763; also known as the Seven Years' War.

Proclamation of 1763

British declaration that forbade colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Stamp Act

British law that taxed printed materials in the colonies.

Townshend Acts

A series of British acts passed in 1767 and 1768 that taxed goods imported to the American colonies such as tea, glass, and paper.

Boston Massacre

Incident in 1770 in which British soldiers fired on and killed five American colonists.

Boston Tea Party

Protest in 1773 in which Boston colonists disguised as Indians dumped British tea into the harbor.

Intolerable Acts

A series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 to punish the Massachusetts colonists for the Boston Tea Party.

First Continental Congress

Meeting of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies in 1774 to discuss a response to the Intolerable Acts.

Lexington and Concord

The first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War.

Second Continental Congress

Meeting of delegates from the thirteen colonies in Philadelphia in 1775 that declared the American Revolutionary War had begun.

Declaration of Independence

Document declaring the American colonies independent from Great Britain, adopted on July 4, 1776.

Articles of Confederation

The first constitution of the United States (1781-1788), which created a weak central government.

Shays' Rebellion

An armed uprising in Massachusetts (1786–1787) among farmers who sought relief from debts and foreclosures.

Constitutional Convention

Meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 where delegates from the colonies wrote the U.S. Constitution.

Great Compromise

Agreement during the Constitutional Convention that created a bicameral legislature with representation in the House based on population and equal representation in the Senate.

Three-Fifths Compromise

Agreement during the Constitutional Convention that a slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation and taxation.

Federalists

Supporters of the U.S. Constitution at the time the states were contemplating its adoption.

Anti-Federalists

Those who opposed the U.S. Constitution at the time when the states were contemplating its adoption.

The Federalist Papers

A series of essays written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay to explain and defend the proposed U.S. Constitution.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, guaranteeing such rights as freedom of speech, assembly, and worship.

George Washington

Commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War and first President of the United States (1789-1797).

Alexander Hamilton

First Secretary of the Treasury; he advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.

Thomas Jefferson

Third President of the United States; he favored limited central government and is known for the Louisiana Purchase.

Whiskey Rebellion

A tax rebellion in the United States during the presidency of George Washington

John Adams

Second president of the United States, and the first vice president

XYZ Affair

A diplomatic event that transpired between the United States and Republican France

Alien and Sedition Acts

Series of laws passed by the Federalist Congress in 1798 that curbed immigration and limited criticism of the government.

Louisiana Purchase

The acquisition of the Louisiana territory by the United States from France in 1803

Lewis and Clark Expedition

An expedition sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore the northwestern territories of the United States

War of 1812

A military conflict between the United States and Great Britain

Era of Good Feelings

A period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars

Monroe Doctrine

United States policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas

Andrew Jackson

Served as the seventh president of the United States from 1829 to 1837

Jacksonian Democracy

A movement for more democracy in the American government during the 1830s

Indian Removal Act

United States federal law that allowed the president to grant land west of the Mississippi River to Native American tribes that agreed to give up their land

Trail of Tears

Forced relocation of Native American people from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States to areas to the west

Manifest Destiny

The belief in the United States that its settlers were destined to expand across North America

Texas Revolution

Also known as the Texas War of Independence, was a rebellion of colonists from the United States and Tejanos in putting up armed