History Test 1

Republican Party

included abolitionists, antislavery business leaders, and northerners who argued against the fugitive slave act 

popular sovereignty

a doctrine allowing new states to divide the issue of allowing or not allowing slavery

13th amendment

ratified constitutional amendment which abolished slavery

14th amendment

defined citizenship and granted citizens equal rights

15 amendment

guaranteed voting rights to african men

jim crow laws

segregation laws enacted in the south after reconstruction

reconstruction

period during which the fed govnt controlled the states that seceded from the union during the civil war

ku klux klan

secret society in the south which prompted white supremacy over blacks

black codes

laws that denied blacks of some rights and tried to recreate the environment of slavery again

freedmen’s bureau

laws that gave more resources to black people and poor white farmers

sharecropping

allows poor black people to work on land of other white farmers for money- led to a system of debt and was basically slavery again

plessy v ferguson

separate but equal is legal

andrew johnson

president after lincoln was shot- southern who was very racist

strengths of the north during civil war

• more resources

• more people

• better economy/more train tracks

weaknesses of the north during civil war

• weak military leadership

strengths of the south during civil war

• fought on home turf

• good military leadership (Robert E. Lee)

weaknesses of the south during civil war

• few factories

• lack of transportation

• southern economy couldn’t support a very long war

Jefferson davis

president of confederate states of america

reasons for succession

the south wanted to keep slavery

emancipation proclamation

executive order by President Lincoln to free all slaves from the south

compromise of 1850

“what is going to happen to all the and given from mexico- will it be free or have slavery?”

Four Provisions of the Compromise

–1. CA admitted as a free state

–2. Utah, New Mexico decide for themselves

–3. Slave trade is prohibited but slavery was allowed in DC

–4. New Fugitive slave law

bleeding kansas

John Brown led the Pottawatomie Massacre in retaliation for the Sack of Lawrence, killing pro-slavery settlers

dred scott decision 

slaves were seen as property not people

president lincolns goal of war

preserve the union, and make sure the confederates didn't leave the union

president lincoln

president during civil war who ended slavery

john locke/natural rights

believed people had the natural rights to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness

• social contract: citizens give up certain rights to achieve more freedom

declaration of independence

• unalienable rights: life, liberty, pursuit of happiness

• gov gets its power from the people

• people have the right to alter or abolish the government

• all men are created equal (except women and slaves)

enlightenment ideas

• reason, individualism

• always question authority

• advocate for freedom

reasons for european exploration

gold (wealth), god (freedom of religion), and glory (national prestige and individual fame)

effects of native american population when europeans came

population reduced because of disease and natives were pushed into reservations

columbian exchange

transfer of plants, animal, diseases, technology, and people between the old world (europe, africa, asia) and the new world (americas)

federalism

delegated powers between a federal government and state governments

federalists

support constitution and shared powers

anti-federalists

anti-constitution: wanted the bill of rights

purpose of bill of rights

states the rights of every voting us citizen

purpose of constitution

• establish legitimacy

• create appropriate structures

• describe and distribute power

• limit government power

• allow for change

monroe doctrine

U.S. foreign policy that warned european powers to not colonize or interfere with independent nations in the americas. in return- america will not interfere with their affairs

manifest destiny

americans believed that god gave them the right to expand across the continent

abolition

the effort to end slavery

checks and balances

to prevent the emergence of a single center of power and to create a balance between power through 3 different branches

1. executive branch: president enforces and passes laws

2. judicial branch: supreme courts interpret laws

3. legislative branch: congress creates laws

articles of confederation

document that explained what the central governments job was and limits what the state government could do 

declaration of independence

letter that told the king of europe that the colonies didn’t want to be part of europe anymore

problems of articles of confederation

• led to shays rebelion

• trade deal issues

weak government → needed change

congress

law-making body

great compromise

congress would be split into two groups:

1. house of reps: based off of state population

2. senate: equal # of reps per state (2)

susan b anthony

• Leader in the women’s suffrage movement; co-founded the National Woman Suffrage Association.

• Advocated for equal rights and women’s right to vote

elizabeth cady stanton

• organized the seneca falls convention

• early feminist; focused on women’s rights, suffrage, and legal equality.

frederick douglass

• former enslaved person turned abolitionist leader

• advocated for abolition, racial equality, and women’s rights.

harriet tubman

• underground railroads

• fought for slaves, womens rights, and served as a undercover spy

sojourner truth

• former enslaved woman who became a speaker for abolition and women’s rights.

• famous for her “Ain’t I a Woman?” speech linking race and gender equality.

william lloyd garrison

• radical abolitionist; founded the anti-slavery newspaper The Liberator.

• advocated immediate emancipation and equal rights for African Americans.

Louisiana purchase

mid of america was bought by the us from france for 4c an acre

• double sized of america and led to more exploration and expansion

trail of tears

forced movement of native americans into reservations near present day oklahoma

regional differences in the north and south

north:

• industrializing

• urban growth

• growing population

south:

• mainly agrarian society

• dependent on slaves for cash crop production