Health Science 8

Cerebrum

The entire top of the brain- Includes the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe

Frontal Lobe

Consciousness, long term memory, higher level thinking, movement, speech

Parietal Lobe

Sensory

Occipital Lobe

Visual Cortex

Temporal Lobe

Hearing + Language- Contains the hippocampus and amygdala

Amygdala

Anger, sadness, fear, fight or flight

Hippocampus

Stores long term memories for a few years

Cerebellum

Coordination + balance- Often has branching (cauliflower looking) structures- Back/underside of brain

Medula Oblongata

Heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, vomiting

Hypothalamus

Thirst- Regulates water balance- Hunger, appetite, regulates metabolism- Body temp.- Produces 2 hormones

Pons

Bulb shaped structure off the side of the brain stem- Links medusa oblongata and thalamus

Thalamus

Shown with a dot- Above the hypothalamus

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain + Spinal Cord

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Nerves outside the brain + spinal cord

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Part of afferent (sensory)- Voluntary muscles

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Part of efferent (Motor)- Involuntary (automatic)

Parasympathetic

Part of ANS- Rest + digestion, Calms you down

Sympathetic

Part of ANS- Fight or flight- Inhibits digestion

Functions of Nervous System

Sensory input: Receives info from stimuli, Integration: Process/Interpret sensory input decide if action is needed, Motor Output: Responses to stimuli (activation of muscles or glands)

Dendrite

short fiber that conducts toward the cell body of the neuron

Axon

Long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body of a neuron

Axon Terminal

The endpoint of a neuron where neurotransmitters are stored

Myelin Sheath

Made of individual Schwann cells covering the axon- Allows signal to be sent faster

Limbic System

associated with emotions and drives

Alzheimer's Disease

Group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language.

Cerebral Palsy

Condition characterized by poor muscle control, spasticity, and other neurologic deficiencies.

Epilepsy

A disorder in which nerve cell activity in the brain is disturbed, causing seizures.

Hydrocephalus

Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluids in the ventricles of the brain.

Meningitis

Inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord

Multiple Sclerosis

autoimmune disease - attacks the CNS by destroying the myelin sheaths that surround the nerve fibers

Neuritis

Inflammation of a nerve

Paralysis

Loss of ability to move a body part

Parkinson's Disease

A disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement, often including tremors.

Poliomyelitis

Viral infection that leads to weakened muscles

Spinal Cord Injury

Results from fracture, dislocation of vertebrae, Compresses, stretches, or tears spinal cord

West Nile Virus

spread to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito

Brain Stem

Connects brain to spinal cord, Made up…, 1. Midbrain, 2. Pons, 3. Medulla Oblongata

Diencephalon

Contains thalamus and hypothalamus

Midbrain

the center for visual and auditory reflexes (pupil reflex and blinking).

Dura Mater

Outermost layer of the meninges

Subdural Space

Space between dura mater and arachnoid mater

Arachnoid

Middle layer of the meninges

Subarachnoid Space

Gap between the arachnoid membrane and pia mater filled with cerebral spinal fluid.

Pia Mater

The innermost layer of the meninges that clings to the surface of the brain; very thin and delicate.

Ventricles

Fluid filled spaces in the brain

Cerebrospinal Fluid

clear liquid produced in the ventricles of the brain

Choroid Plexus

Produces CSF