East Riding of Yorkshire

Where is the East Riding of Yorkshire?

North east of England

How long is the East Riding of Yorkshire?

70 km stretch

Where does the stretch start?

Flamborough Head

Where does the stretch end?

Spurn point

What is the lithology of flamborough head?

Chalk cliffs over 100 metres high

What landforms are there?

Caves, arches, stacks and stumps

What does tectonic movement do?

Helps erosion occur more quickly

What is the lithology of the holderness plain?

unconsolidated glacial till

What does the glacial till mean?

Very soft and therefore easily eroded

What is famous about the coastline?

fastest eroding coastline in Europe

How much land is lost each year?

1.6 metre

How much land has been lost since Roman time?

2 km

How did the coastline become formed?

After the last ice age, sea levels rose and formed the new coastline with glacial till

How often do landslides occur?

Every 6-7 years

Why do landslides occur?

High groundwater levels, high storm frequency and high wave energy

What has been done to counteract the landslides?

6 20metre boreholes created

What do the boreholes do?

Monitor groundwater pressure and physical movements

What is the spit called at spurn point?

spurn head

How long is the spurn head spit?

4.8km long

How long is the cycle of the spit?

350 years

Where along the cycle is the spit?

Near the end

What has been done given that the cycle is at the end?

Lifeboat families have been moved off the spit

Where does the sediment for the spit come from?

Flamborough head and holderness plain

Why hasn’t the spit become a bar?

The water exiting the River Humber prevents sediment from being deposited

What is the coastal management at flamborough head?

No active intervention

Why is no active intervention at flamborough head?

Resistant chalk cliffs so slow erosion

Where is Mappleton, Withernsea and Hornsea?

On the holderness plain

What is the coastal management at Mappleton?

Hold the line

Why is hold the line appropriate at Mappleton?

B1242 road

How much is the coastal defence at Mappleton?

£3.5 million

What is the coastal defence at Mappleton?

2 granite boulder groynes, rock armour along the base of the cliff, plant seeds to vegetation holds in place

What does plant seeds do?

Reduce slumping

What has occurred due to the defences at Mappleton?

Erosion south of Mappleton has increased (terminal groyne syndrome)

What is the coastal management at Withernsea?

Hold the line

What does hold the line at Withernsea include?

£7 million scheme extending previous defences

What is the coastal management at Hornsea?

Hold the line

What are the defences at Hornsea?

Hard engineering, eg. sea walls and groynes

When is Hornsea defences guaranteed until?

2100

What is the coastal management at Easington gas terminal?

Hold the line

What are the coastal defences at Easington Gas Terminal?

Rip-rap, concrete blocks and gabions

What will happen if the gas terminal closes?

Coastal management will change to no active intervention

What are the effects of climate change in the East Riding of Yorkshire?

Increased storminess- increasing erosion rates and mass movement

Eustatic sea level rise- Increase coastal flooding

What have winter storms done to the rate of erosion?

Doubled the rate of erosion in hotspot areas

What is the water level rise predicted to be in River Humber in the next century?

1 metre

What has been done to counteract the river humber rise?

600 metre concrete barrier next to the A63

What is the rate of erosion at Withernsea?

Fastest along the holderness plain. Some places have lost 6 metres

By 2025, how many homes/caravans will be at risk?

21 more homes and 400 caravans

What is the programme being put in place in the Holderness?

Coastal transition accelerator programme

How much is the coastal transition accelerator programme?

£36 million

What will the coastal transition accelerator programme do?

Aims to help communities in areas where defending land from erosion is no longer seen as sustainable

how is the coastal transition accelerator programme used by residents?

To help long term residents to prepare and plan for long term change and to help move communities from the highest risk areas