Cell Structure and Function

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and definitions related to cell structure and function discussed in the biology lecture.

Cell

The smallest basic unit of life responsible for all life processes.

Multicellular Organisms

Living organisms made up of different types of cells such as human beings, plants, and animals.

Unicellular Organisms

Living organisms made up of only one type of cell, such as amoeba.

Organelle

Sub-cellular structures within a cell that perform specific functions.

Nucleus

The largest organelle in the cell that controls all cell activities and carries genetic information.

Cell Membrane

A selectively permeable membrane that allows materials to enter and leave the cell.

Cytoplasm

The fluid containing water, organic, and inorganic substances where cell activities take place.

Protoplasm

Collective term for the nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm.

Mitochondria

Sausage-shaped structures known as the powerhouse of the cell, where respiration occurs to produce energy.

Ribosomes

The smallest organelle responsible for protein synthesis.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A network of membranes attached to the nucleus, involved in transportation within the cytoplasm.

Golgi Apparatus

A structure that modifies, sorts, and transports proteins and lipid molecules.

Chloroplasts

Organelles in plant cells that contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis.

Cell Wall

A rigid layer made of cellulose that gives plants their structure and protection.

Vacuole

Fluid-filled space in plant cells that stores nutrients and water.