bio honors quiz review unit 3

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30 Terms

1

Active Transport

the movement of particles from low to high concentration (against the concentration gradient); requires ATP/energy

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2

Aerobic Respiration

A form of cellular respiration that requires oxygen in order to generate ATP

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3

Alcoholic Fermentation

anaerobic respiration that makes 2 ATP from each glucose molecule, carbon dioxide, and alcohol; carried out by yeast and bacteria

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4

Anaerobic Respiration


A form of cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen and generates less ATP

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5

ATP


adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule of cells; energy is stored in the bonds between the phosphates

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6

Autotroph


an organism that can make its own food; aka producer; one example is plants (by photosynthesis)

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7

Cellular Respiration


burning glucose to make ATP; 36-38 ATP are formed from each glucose molecule; carried out by all organisms; occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells

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8

Chemosynthesis


process by which ATP is synthesized by using chemicals as an energy source

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9

Chlorophyll

green pigment found in the chloroplast that traps light for photosynthesis

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10

Concentration Gradient

a difference in concentration of a substance across a cell membrane/space

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11

Diffusion


the simplest form of passive transport.

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12

Dynamic Equilibrium

a state in which there is no concentration gradient; particles are evenly distributed and continue to move across the cell membrane/space

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13

Endocytosis


process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane

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14

Exocytosis

process by which a cell releases large amounts of material

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15

Facilitated Diffusion


process of diffusion in which molecules pass across the cell membrane through protein channels

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16

Heterotroph

an organism that must get food from its environment; aka consumer; one example is animals

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17

Hypertonic


a solution with the greater concentration of solutes, thereby having a higher osmotic pressure and cause a cell to release water.

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18

Hypotonic

a solution with a lower concentration of solutes, thereby having a lower osmotic pressure and will cause the cell to take up water.

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19

Isotonic


when the concentration of two solutions is the same

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20

Lactic Acid Fermentation

anaerobic respiration that makes 2 ATP from each glucose molecule and lactic acid which causes muscle soreness/cramps

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21

Light (Radiant) Energy

energy from light waves (e.g., solar, light bulb)

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22

Osmosis


the diffusion of water; remember "solute sucks"

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23

Passive Transport


movement of molecules from high to low concentration (down the concentration gradient); does not require ATP/energy

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24

Plasmolysis

collapse of a walled cell's cytoplasm due to a lack of water.

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25

Photosynthesis


process carried out by plants, some protists, and some bacteria in which carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose (food) and oxygen; occurs in the chloroplast of eukaryotic cells

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26

Selectively Permeable/Semipermeable

characteristic of the cell membrane in which some substances are allowed to cross but not others

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27

Solute

the dissolved substance in a solution/solvent; example is salt or sugar

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28

Solution

n

mixture in which one substance dissolves another

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29

Solvent

the dissolved substance in a solution/solvent; example is salt or sugar

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30

Turgor Pressure


pressure that water molecules exert against the cell wall

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