1st Nine Weeks Test-Geography

latitude

imaginary lines that run north to south of the Equator; ex. parallel lines such as the Equator, Tropic of Cancer, and Tropic of Capricorn

longitude

imaginary lines that run east to west that divide the Earth in horizontal lines; ex. prime meridian

desertification

the process of a piece of fertile land changes itself into a desert by losing it’s flora and fauna; ex. Saharan desert

tectonic plate theory

the theory that the top part of the Earth is divided into pieces that move atop the layer of mantle causing land forms to change; ex. Pangaea

convergent boundaries

when two plates converge this can cause one or both plates to push up into mountain ranges or to push down into the mantle; ex. Indian and Eurasian plate converges and made Himalayan mountains

divergent boundaries

when two plates move away from each other causing earthquakes or the mantle to rise up and form new oceanic crust or ridges; ex. Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Red Sea Rift, Baikal Rift Zone

transform boundaries

when two plates slide past each other causing a fault or earthquakes; ex. Sand Andrea Fault

Weathering

when rocks and minerals break down or dissolve; ex. running water wearing down rocks or when an animal burrows into a cracked rock, splitting it open

erosion

when rocks or minerals are transported by wind or water or worn away; ex. ocean waves move sand around

deposition

when rocks or minerals transported by water or wind settle down; ex. beaches, sand dunes, deltas

windward

the direction in which the wind is blowing; ex. there’re more plants on the windward side of a mountain

leeward

faces away from the wind or is sheltered from the wind by a hill or mountain; ex. there are less plants on the leeward side of the mountain

solstice

when the sun reaches it’s highest or lowest point in the year; ex. Summer Solstice on June 21/22nd or Winter Solstice on December 21/2nd

weather

the state of the air or atmosphere at a specific time/place; ex. “the weather is nice outside.”

climate

the long-term pattern of weather in a particular way; ex. it’s cold during December and hot during July in the northern hemisphere

Global Positioning System

a bunch of satellites that determine the location of something on Earth; ex. the GPS in your car tells you where things are

Explain the main parts of a climograph and how the information on it can predict on city’s located in the world

A climograph gives you all the months of the year and the average temperature and amount of rain it receives. Using this information you can determine what hemisphere it’s in and what zone it is in.

Pros and Cons of Paleolithic age

pros: small population, clean water, less pollution, less disease, and mixed nutrition cons: no guarantee of food, in constant search of food, and winter

Pros and Cons of Neolithic age

Pros: not in constant search of food, surplus of food, settles in one place, and specialization labor Cons: larger population, more pollution, dirty water, and poor nutrition

What does LACEMOPS stand for and how does it relate to climate?

Latitude-it is warmer towards the equator and colder towards the poles, Air masses- when the wind moves air masses to tales their weather conditions, Continentality- when land is closer to the ocean it’s more temperate than farther, Elevation- air molecules spread out more making it harder to breathe, Mountain barriers- air descends from mountains making it more dry and humid, Ocean currents- regulates uneven temperatures or solar radiation, Pressure and wind belts- they are associated with the seasonal climate, Storms- warm oceans cause storms

6 important factors that influence where humans settle and why these are important towards developing a civilization

food- you eat to survive, water- drinking, fishing, floods, energy- needed to get things done, security- helps you feel sade and harm is scared away, aesthetics- it makes you feel better when you live somewhere beautiful, climate- it changes what you wear, what you eat, how you live