APUSH final review

What officially put an end to Reconstruction?

Compromise of 1877

How would you define the Gilded Age?

A three-decade long period post-Civil War characterized by rapid industrialization, urbanization, and economic growth.

What is a plutocracy?

A government run by the wealthy.

Why were presidents of the Gilded Age called the 'forgotten presidents'?

They did not do much for the country and had weak executive leadership, often filled with corruption.

What were some scandals during the Gilded Age?

Credit Mobilier, Whiskey Ring, Black Friday, Tammany Hall.

Who did the courts, US Army, and militias often side with during disputes between big business and workers?

Big businesses.

Which ethnic group was discriminated against the most during the Gilded Age?

African Americans and Chinese immigrants.

What name is associated with segregation in public schools and places?

Jim Crow Laws.

What often split the workers during the Gilded Age from uniting?

Skill vs unskilled labor and racial differences.

Why weren't the best men in politics during the Gilded Age?

Due to the spoils system.

What was the difference between Captains of Industry and Robber Barons?

Robber Barons exploited workers while Captains of Industry helped the economy.

How did the railroad impact America?

It led to more trade, connected markets, and boosted industry.

What was the Sherman Antitrust Act?

An act that outlawed monopolies and businesses that restrained trade.

Who were the Populists?

Farmers and workers seeking economic reform.

Which labor union was only for skilled workers?

American Federation of Labor (AFL).

Name some strikes during the Gilded Age.

Homestead Strike, Pullman Strike, Haymarket Riot.

Which Gilded Age President was known for high tariffs and support of big business?

William McKinley.

What is the difference between a 'melting pot' and a 'salad bowl'?

Salad bowl keeps cultures separate while melting pot blends cultures.

What helped immigrants adjust to American life?

Settlement houses by Jane Addams.

What did progressives hope to accomplish?

End of corruption and improved living and working conditions.

Who were muckrakers?

Journalists exposing corruption.

What were some of Teddy Roosevelt's accomplishments?

Trust-busting, conservation, Square Deal, arbitration.

What was the 'Triple Wall of Privilege'?

Tariffs, trusts, and banks reforms initiated by FDR.

Which U.S. President warned against foreign alliances?

George Washington.

What ship explosion brought the U.S. into war vs. Spain?

USS Maine.

What is yellow journalism?

Exaggerated stories or sensational headlines.

What document established the U.S. as the international police power in the Western Hemisphere?

Roosevelt Corollary.

What is the big stick policy?

A strong military to achieve America's goals.

What does dollar diplomacy refer to?

Economic influence.

What is the moral diplomacy?

Promote human rights and then conquer territory.

What were some strategic additions to America during the Age of Imperialism?

Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, Cuba.

Who were some notable imperialists?

Theodore Roosevelt & Alfred Thayer Mahan.

When did the U.S. enter WWI?

1917.

What is trench warfare?

Allies dug into one trench while Central Powers dug into another; the area between was known as 'over the top'.

Who was the President during WWI?

Woodrow Wilson.

What are the THREE I's regarding U.S. involvement in WWI?

Isolationist, Internationalist, Interventionist.

Why did the U.S. enter WWI?

Sussex pledge, Zimmerman telegram, wanted to make the world safe for democracy.

What role did Eugene Debs play during WWI?

Delivered the Canton speech criticizing the war and was jailed for 10 years.

Which amendment was passed following WWI that directly benefited women?

19th Amendment.

What was the purpose of the League of Nations?

To prevent offensive wars.

Who argued against Woodrow Wilson's League of Nations proposal?

Henry Cabot Lodge.

What were Wilson's 14 Points?

Open diplomacy, freedom of seas and free trade, end of colonialism, self-determination.

What terms are associated with America post-WWI?

Boom, isolationism, consumerism.

Who were the Republican Presidents of the 1920s?

Harding, Coolidge, Hoover.

What great fear did Americans experience on the homefront post-WWI?

Red scare: fear of communism.

Who were the proponents of the communist plot of revolution in America?

Alexander & Mitchell Palmer.

Who were against the communist plot of revolution in America?

Sacco & Vanzetti.

Who did the Immigration Act of 1924 favor?

Northern Europeans.

Which names are associated with the automobile revolution?

Ford.

How were most people able to buy inventions and products of the twenties?

Credit cards & installment plans.

What were young women who defied traditional standards known as?

Flappers.

What did the Scopes Trial reflect?

A division between modernists and fundamentalists.

What impact did prohibition have on America?

Meant to combat crime, family violence, and poverty but led to an increase in crimes.

What was the Volstead Act?

Enforced the 18th Amendment.

Who would have been against the New Negro Movement?

White supremacists.

What group of writers were critical of America post-WWI?

Lost Generation.

What set off the Great Depression?

Stock market crash of 1929.

What is the difference between a bull and bear market?

Bull = up; Bear = down.

How did tariffs impact the Great Depression?

Reduced trade.

How did the Great Depression affect banks, businesses, and individuals?

Led to bank failures, unemployment, and poverty.

What was the unemployment rate at the height of the Great Depression?

About 25%.

What are shantytowns?

Hoovervilles, makeshift shelters built from scrap materials.

What was Hoover's economic recovery philosophy?

Rugged individualism.

Which group protested for early pensions during the Great Depression?

Bonus Army.

What was the New Deal?

Economic programs designed to help America recover from the Depression.

What are the three R's of the New Deal?

Relief, Recovery, Reform.

What were FDR's radio talks called?

Fireside chats.

What was FDR's first order of business to recover from the economic downturn?

Bank holiday.

What is the Social Security Act?

Provided retirement payments funded by payroll taxes.

What did the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation do?

Insured bank deposits.

Who were some critics of the New Deal?

Huey Long, Francis Townsend, Charles E. Coughlin.

What officially brought America out of the Great Depression?

WWII production.

What is the Cold War?

The competition between the United States and Soviet Union.

What impact did the Marshall Plan have on Europe?

Provided economic assistance to help rebuild European economies.

What was the 'space race' and who was involved?

NASA coordinated space-related efforts of American scientists and the military.

What does the policy of 'containment' say?

Stop the spread of communism.

What did the Truman Doctrine say?

Provide economic aid to those seeking a non-communist government.

What is MAD?

Mutually assured destruction.

What did the US create following the detonation of a Soviet nuclear bomb?

NSC-68, which called for the development of new weapons to counter Soviet power.

Who were some people affected by communism?

Eastern Europeans and Koreans.

What major events happened during the Korean War?

38th parallel and armistice.

Why did the U.S. join NATO?

Military alliance to combat Soviet expansion.

What were some big changes that happened in the fifties?

Suburbs, consumerism, and TV.

What was life like during the 1950s?

Comfortable but not conformist.

How did the 1950s create a baby boom?

Post-war optimism.

What allowed WWII veterans to start businesses, purchase homes, and go to college?

GI Bill.

What was the music of the 50s?

Rock n roll.

What issues did African Americans face when it came to housing?

Redlining and segregation.

Which group of writers, musicians, and artists rejected the conformity of the 50s?

Beat Generation.

Who was the President for the majority of the 50s?

Eisenhower.

What did the court say regarding Brown v. Board of Education?

Reversed Plessy vs Ferguson.

Which Progressive reformer was most similar to Martin Luther King Jr.?

W.E.B. Du Bois.

Which major league baseball player broke the color barrier?

Jackie Robinson.

Who would have supported the Southern Manifesto?

Southern segregationists.

What was the purpose of Freedom Summer?

To register black voters.

What major events did JFK deal with during his limited time in office?

Cuban Missile Crisis.

What was the finding of the JFK assassination?

Lone gunman.

What became the symbol for the division between communism and democracy?

Berlin Wall.

Which president signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

Lyndon B. Johnson.

What is Black Power?

Strived for self-determination.