Chapter 4, Part 2 (ANSC 199)

Three types of endocytosis

• Phagocytosis

• Pinocytosis

• Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Phagocytosis

Large particles are engulfed (solid)

Pinocytosis

Cells take in dissolved particles and liquids

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Recognize and bind one specific type of molecule

Exocytosis

Particles being transported OUT of a cell

• ex: insulin being transported from the cells

Three purposes of the cytoskeleton

• provides shape and support

• Controls intercellular traffic flow

• Enables movement

Microtubules

Tracks in which molecules can be moved around (hollow shape)

Intermediate filaments

Gives cells great strength (rope-like, not hollow)

Microfilaments

Helps with cell concentration and division (rod-like fibers)

Cilia

• Short projections that occur on the surface of the cells

• Move fluid along and pass the cell

Flagella

• longer projections extending from the surface of cells

• Sperm cells (move cells through their environment)

Mitochondria

• important in eukaryotic cells

• Produce energy from carbs, fats, or proteins

• Double-membraned structure, one inside another

Lysosome

• disposes cellular waste products and consumed material

• Must be walled off from the rest of the cell so it doesn’t do damage

Rough ER

produces proteins (folds and packages them)

Smooth ER

Produces other lipids and deals with the detoxifying of enzymes

Golgi apparatus

Molecules are tagged and directed to other parts of the organism

What is in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Cell wall (cellulose) and chloroplast