AP U.S. History Unit 1 Test Review

A collection of flashcards designed to help students prepare for the AP U.S. History Unit 1 Test, covering key concepts, historical events, and relevant excerpts from the lecture notes.

What system was least developed in California according to the map in the lecture notes?

The encomienda system.

What did the map process trigger?

Extensive demographic and social change.

What was the most devastating impact of the Spanish conquest and exploration?

The spread of deadly epidemics.

What environmental vision did Kitche Manitou see in the passage?

A vast sky filled with stars, sun, moon, earth, and diverse living beings.

From the differing world views, what was a debate regarding American Indians and Europeans?

How American Indians should be treated and 'civilized'.

What did Columbus observe about American Indians in his journal?

They were easily made friends and receptive to conversion.

What rationale did Spanish religion often provide after Columbus's arrival?

Justifying the subjugation of American Indians.

What did Columbus's sentiments reflect about future Spanish goals?

Attempting to change American Indians’ beliefs and world views.

What belief does John Lok's passage represent about Africans in the 16th century?

European belief in white superiority to justify subjugation.

In British North American colonies, what emerged from the ideas expressed about Africans?

Racial stereotyping and the development of strict racial categories.

In which region were American Indians most mobile according to the map?

The Great Basin and Western Plains.

What was a key economic practice developed by American Indians in the Southwest?

A culture highly dependent on maize.

What significant change occurred to Great Plains tribes in the 19th century?

Dispersal to small reservations.

What impact did the Columbian Exchange have on native settlements?

Far-reaching effects on settlement patterns and economic developments.

What major shift happened in the encomienda system as a result of the Columbian Exchange?

Indian labor was gradually replaced with African slavery.

What facilitated the growth of the Columbian Exchange primarily?

Improvements in technology and organized methods for international trade.

What justification was often used by the Spanish regarding fugitive Black slaves?

White superiority.

What cultural adaptations did African slaves undertake in response to their treatment?

Cultural and linguistic adaptations.

What geography-related evidence does the map provide about the Great Basin and Plains?

There was a relative lack of natural resources.

Why were Northeastern peoples nomadic according to the map?

Their agricultural practices quickly exhausted the land's fertility.

What led to the development of permanent villages among Eastern Woodlands peoples?

Access to fertile farmland resources.

What was a key factor in the subsistence mode of Southwestern Native Americans?

Diffusion of maize northward from Mexico.

What significant resource did the horse provide for Indian societies?

Harvesting buffalo herds more effectively.

How did the introduction of the horse change American Indian warfare?

Increased intensity of warfare among tribes.

What did de las Casas argue regarding American Indians?

They were innocent and pure, deserving of Christianizing.

Which group would least support de las Casas's perspective on American Indians?

Spanish landowners in the Americas.

What belief does the excerpt by de las Casas imply about European culture?

Belief in the superiority of European culture over that of American Indians.

How does Amerigo Vespucci describe the Native American lifestyle?

Living according to nature without laws or kings.

What did Vespucci's views foreshadow regarding Spanish policy?

Development of encomienda and caste systems.

According to Jared Diamond, what contributed to the spread of infectious diseases?

Close contact between humans and domestic animals in Eurasia.

What was a long-term effect of the infectious diseases described by Diamond?

The devastation of native populations due to Spanish exploration.

What development did the map of Native American cultural areas reflect?

The establishment of complex societies as Native Americans adapted to their environment.

What religious rhetoric justified Spanish invasions according to Coronado's excerpt?

The Church as the Ruler and Superior of the world.

What long-term consequence is highlighted by Coronado's perspective?

Conflict leading to the subjugation of Native populations.