Diabetic Patient Assessment

What are the adrenergic clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia?

tremors, shakiness, palpitations, tachycardia

What are the cholinergic clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia?

sweating, hunger

What are the neuroglycopenic clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia?

weak, fatigue, drowsy, headache, behavioral changes, confusion, double vision, difficulty speaking, seixures, coma

What are the nocturnal hypoglycemia clinical manifestations?

night sweats, nightmares, restlessness, morning headaches, lassitude, difficulty awakening

What blood glucose level is considered hypoglycemia?

< 60 mg/dL

What medications can cause hypoglycemia?

sulfonylureas, meglitinides, insulin, beta-blockers, Bactrim, haloperidol, MAOi

What are signs of hyperglycemia?

high BG >250

± urine ketones

± urine glucose

What are the symptoms of hyperglycemia?

polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight changes (loss), blurred vision, fatigue, dry/itchy skin, recurrent infections, impotence/dec. libido, numbness of extremities, bloating feeling

What medications can cause hyperglycemia?

beta blockers, CCB, TZD diuretics, glucocorticoids, niacin, estrogens, oral contraceptives, lithium, phenytoin, growth hormone, phenothiazines, isoniazid, sympathomimetics, atypical antipsychotics

What are the clinical manifestations of diabetic neuropathy?

numbness, pain, tingling (pins and needles)

What is the monofilament test?

simple, painless procedure used to screen for peripheral neuropathy, a nerve damage complication of diabetes