Flashcards on Historical Figures and Vocabulary from the French Revolution

These flashcards cover key historical figures and vocabulary related to the French Revolution, providing definitions and insights into significant concepts.

Roi Louis XVI

King of France during the Revolution, executed in 1793.

Marie-Antoinette

Queen of France, wife of Louis XVI, executed in 1793.

L'Assemblée Nationale

Institution created by the Third Estate to represent the people.

Léopold II

Emperor of Austria and brother of Marie-Antoinette, opposed to the Revolution.

Olympe de Gouges

Feminist, author of the 'Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen.'

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Philosopher of the Enlightenment who advocated for popular sovereignty.

John Locke

Philosopher of the Enlightenment, theorist of the social contract.

Diderot

Philosopher of the Enlightenment, co-author of the Encyclopédie.

Thomas Hobbes

Political philosopher, advocate for absolute authority to prevent chaos.

Baron Charles de Montesquieu

Philosopher of the Enlightenment, theorist of the separation of powers.

Jacques Necker

Finance minister of Louis XVI, attempted to reform the economy.

DeLaunay

Governor of the Bastille, killed during its capture.

Jean Sylvian Bailley

First mayor of Paris after the Revolution.

Lafayette

Military and political figure who played a key role in the Revolution and the Declaration of Rights.

Roturier

A person who does not belong to the nobility.

Suffrage censitaire

Voting system based on wealth.

Polémiste

A person who engages in vigorous debates.

Tyran

Oppressive and authoritarian ruler.

Boycott

Refusal to buy or participate in order to protest.

Insurgé

A person who revolts against authority.

Embuscade

Surprise attack.

Constitution

Set of fundamental laws of a state.

Nation

Community united by a common culture and history.

Mercenaire

Soldier paid to fight without attachment to a cause.

Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen

Fundamental text proclaiming liberties and rights.

Veto

Power to reject a law.

Sans-culotte

Radical revolutionaries from the people.

Patrie

Country of origin.

Siècle des Lumières

18th-century period marked by rational thought.

Nationalisme

Strong attachment to one's nation.

Féodalisme

Political system of the Middle Ages based on lords and vassals.

Révolte

Uprising against authority.

Révolution

Radical change of the political system.

Absolutisme

Total power held by a monarch.

Ancien Régime

Political and social organization before the Revolution.

Imprimante

Machine that allows printing, important for spreading Enlightenment ideas.

Démocratie

Political system where the people govern.

République

Government without a king, where power belongs to the citizens.

Régime

Political system.

Impérialisme

Domination of one country over another.

Colonialisme

Expansion and control over foreign territories.

Totalitarisme

Political regime where the state controls everything.

Dictature

Government where one person has all the power.

Communisme

Ideology advocating for equality and absence of private property.

Guerre civile

Conflict between inhabitants of the same country.

Terrorisme

Use of violence to achieve a political goal.

Déstabiliser

To disrupt the established order.