Bryant

What is an abstract class?

A class that cannot instantiate (create objects from class) but provides a base class with shared attributes and methods.

Define abstraction in programming.

Separating implementation from use, reducing complexity by hiding implementation details.

What is an abstract method?

A method without a body.

What is an accessor/getter?

A method that accesses fields to get value but does not modify a class field.

What is an actual parameter?

Value passed through the parameter when it is called.

Define aggregation in Object-Oriented Programming.

A ‘has-a’ relationship between two classes where a class contains a reference to another class.

What is an ArrayList?

A resizable array allowing storage and manipulation of a list of objects.

What is a binary search?

An algorithm that begins at the midpoint of a range and halves the range after each guess.

What is the purpose of a catch block?

It handles/catches exceptions.

Define checked exception.

Exceptions that are checked at compile time.

What is a concrete class?

A class that can be instantiated directly.

What does a constructor do?

Involved in creating an object using the new keyword.

Explain constructor chaining.

Calling one constructor from another constructor.

What is deep copy?

Stores copies of an object's value.

What does the equals() method do?

Compares strings and returns true if they are equal.

Define encapsulation.

Information hiding & making properties private, defining getters and setters.

What is event-driven programming?

The flow of the program is determined by events.

What is explicit casting?

Manual type casting that forces conversion of a larger data type to a smaller data type.

What is a finally clause?

A block of code used with try-catch to ensure execution regardless of exceptions.

Define instance in programming.

An object created from a class.

What is an interface?

It declares methods that a class must implement but does not provide method bodies.

What is garbage collection?

JVM reclaims memory that is no longer used, helping to prevent memory leaks.

What is a for loop?

A loop with predefined beginning, end, and increment.

Define immutability in programming.

An object whose state cannot be changed after it is created.

What is shallow copy?

Stores the references of the object to the original memory addresses.

What does it mean for a variable to be static?

Shared by all instances of a class and can be accessed without instantiation of its class.

What are properties in programming?

Fields plus getters and setters.

Define polymorphism.

The ability of an object to take on many forms, allowing objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common type.

What is a mutator/setter?

A method used to modify encapsulated data fields.

What is method abstraction?

Hiding implementation details of a method while only showing functionality.

Explain how SDK is utilized.

A software development kit provides the tools and libraries needed for developing applications.

What is autoboxing?

The automatic conversion of primitive data types to their corresponding wrapper classes.

What does the term 'scope' refer to?

The region of code where a declared name is valid.

Define the term 'runtime stack.'

A memory area that stores activation records at runtime in a last-in, first-out fashion.

What does the term 'void' indicate in a method?

It indicates that the method does not return any value.

What does the 'this()' reference mean?

It refers to an object whose method or constructor is being called.

What is the significance of method signatures?

It specifies the method name and parameter list.

What is the difference between equals() and == in Java?

equals() compares values or contents of objects, while == compares references in memory.

Define object in programming.

A grouping of data (variables) and operations that can be performed on that data (methods).

What are access modifiers?

Keywords that control the visibility of classes, methods, and variables.

What is a test vector?

A unique set of input values for testing.

What does 'pass-by-value' mean?

Invokes a method with a parameter where the value of the argument is passed to the parameter.

Define 'primitive types.'

Built-in immutable data types, including byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, and boolean.

What characterizes procedural programming?

A programming style that uses a series of steps to define how a computer program behaves.

What is the role of a default constructor?

It is called without any arguments to create an object.

What does the 'return statement' do?

It is used to exit a method and optionally return a value to the caller.

What is UML?

Unified Modeling Language, an illustration of class templates and objects.