USH ID #4

Treaty of Greenville

Treaty of Greenville

WHO: Indian Tribes WHAT: Indian tribes ceded (gave up) most of ohio and indiana to the federal government. WHERE: Fort Greenville, ohio (now greenville, ohio) WHEN: August 3rd 1795 WHY: by signing this treaty it aimed to end the hostilities that had started in the Green lakes. SIG: imperfect agreement not agreed upon by all the tribes but it ended violence at least temporarily. also established the annuity system which were yearly grants of federal money to indian tribes.

annuity system

WHO: Indian agencies (governments) WHAT: yearly grants of federal money to Indian tribes that institutionalized continuing government influence in tribal affairs and gave outsiders control over Indian life. WHEN: after treaty of greenville

gradual emancipation

WHAT: concept in the north which assumed former slaves would remain in the country instead of colonizing abroad. Legal mechanism used by some US states to abolish slavery over some time. (ex: gradual abolition of slaves in PA) SIG: prevents slaveholders from selling off their slaves. Northern statesmen like Hamilton, Jay, and Franklin worked for abolition , and some helped to establish schools for black children. some free blacks were able to vote

Letters from an American Farmer,

WHAT: Book (collection of essays) WHO: written by Hector St. Johnnde Crevecoeur who was a french-american writer WHEN: published in France 1782. WHY: popularized the idea of the USA as a melting pot. Individuals from different diversties are mixed into one American identity. he also says that citizens of the united states were of European decent.

open immigration

WHAT: The idea that people could migrate to whatever country they choose with very little restrictions. WHO: initiated by the Naturalization Act of 1790. and mostly only applied to whites.

civic nationalism

An association of people with equal and shared political rights, and allegiance to similar political procedures. The Nation is not based on common ethnic ancestry, but is a political entity. The center is not ethnicity.

ethnic nationalism

A form of nationalism where the nation is defined in terms of ethnicity or race. It includes ideas of culture that are shared between members of the group.

henry knox

WHO: Secretary of war and born in 1750 (56 yrs died) WHAT: hoped to deal with Indians with a minimum of warfare and without undermining the new nation's honor. he said in 1794, that American treatment of the continent's native inhabitants had been even "more destructive to the Indian" than Spain's conduct in Mexico and Peru. His peacemaking policy had mixed results. Congress forbade the transfer of Indian land without federal approval. But several states ignored this directive and continued to negotiate their own agreements.

Notes on the State of Virginia,

WHO: written by Thomas jefferson. WHAT: book where Jefferson talked about blacks as deficient in qualities that make freedom possible. the capacity for self-control, reason, and devotion to the larger community jefferson said that they lacked these traits due to natural incapacity, which made them disloyal to the country .WHEN: published in 1785

George and Martha Washington

Washington, who died in 1799, provided in his will that his 277 slaves would become free after the death of his wife, Martha. (Feeling uncomfortable living among men and women who looked forward to her death, she emancipated them the following year.) Some prominent Virginians assumed that blacks could become part of the American nation .

Hector St. John de Crevecoeur,

Born in France, and had taken part in the unsuccessful defense of Quebec during the Seven Years' War. came to NYC in 1759, As a trader and explorer, he visited most of the British mainland colonies, as well as the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys. he eventually married the daughter of a prominent New York landowner and lived with his own family on a farm in Orange County. Seeking to remain neutral during the War of Independence, he suffered persecution by both patriots and the British, and eventually returned to France.

little turtle

leader of the miami confederacy (indian tribe) and in 1791 he inflicted a humiliating defeat on the american forces who were led by arthur st clair. 630 dead and the costliest loss ever suffered by the united states at the hands of the indians. in 1794 they were defeated by American troops at the battle of fallen timbers this led to the treaty of Greenville, he tried to keep his tribe at peace and protect their land from the united states.