Cells flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts in cellular structures, organelles, and the cell theory.

According to cell theory, the smallest unit of life is __ and is responsible for __ functions necessary for life.

Cells; all

All cells come from __ cells, emphasizing the process of cell __ in biological systems.

pre-existing; division

The __ is the region within a bacterial cell where the genetic material is located, consisting primarily of __ DNA.

nucleoid; circular

Prokaryotic cells lack __ organelles which are found in eukaryotic cells, such as the __ and mitochondria.

membrane-bound; nucleus

The bacterial cell wall is made of __, which provides structural support and protects the cell from __.

peptidoglycan; osmotic pressure

Eukaryotic cells contain __ ribosomes, which are larger and more complex compared to prokaryotic cells that contain __ ribosomes.

80S; 70S

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages __ for transport to different parts of the cell or for __ outside the cell.

molecules; secretion

The __ is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells, containing the pigment __ which captures light energy.

chloroplast; chlorophyll

Mitochondria are the site of __ respiration, where organic compounds are converted into ATP through a process that involves the __ chain.

cellular; electron transport

Centrioles are involved in the organization of __ during cell division, helping to form the framework for separating __.

spindle fibers; chromosomes

The endomembrane system includes the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, __, and cell surface membrane, coordinating traffic within the cell.

vesicles

Ribosomes found freely within the cytoplasm are called __ ribosomes, distinguishing them from those bound to the __ endoplasmic reticulum.

free; rough

A __ is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains the genetic material of eukaryotic cells, surrounded by its own lipid bilayer and involved in transcription and __.

nucleus; RNA processing

The outer membrane of the mitochondrion is __, while the inner membrane is highly folded to form __, increasing the surface area for ATP production.

smooth; cristae

In viruses, they do not carry out __ and cannot reproduce on their own, requiring a __ to replicate.

metabolism; host cell

The __ enzyme within lysosomes is responsible for the breakdown of materials brought into the cell by __, allowing recycling of cellular components.

hydrolytic;