Zopes H History 2 Post-Revolution Test

We're cooked anyways but maybe this will help?

enumerated powers

powers given to national government

concurrent powers

powers shared between national government and state governments

reserved powers

powers designated for the states

denied powers

powers that are not given to either the states or national government

implied powers

powers that are assumed based on other powers

Article 1

Establishes legislative branch

Article 2

Establishes executive branch

Article 3

Establishes judicial branch

Article 4

Discusses slaves, new land/states, powers of states

Article 5

Discusses amendment process (3/4 of states to ratify)

Article 6

Discusses supreme law of the land, national law/supremacy, oath of office

Article 7

Discusses ratification (9/13 states to ratify), done by state conventions rather than state legislatures

What did the Federalists believe?

Needed a strong national government, federal laws over state laws, president provides stability, bill of rights not needed

What did the Anti-Federalists believe?

Powers like the power to tax are dangerous, wanted a balance of power between state and federal government

Who was the only president with no political party (although he often sided with the Federalists)?

George Washington

Bill of Rights Amendment 1

Freedom of speech, press, association, religion, peacful assembly, petitions

BoR Amendment 2

Right to bear arms

BoR Amendment 3

Protection against quartering troops

BoR Amendment 4

Protection against unreasonable search and seizure

BoR Amendment 5

Rights of accused persons

BoR Amendment 6

Rights in criminal trial (lawyer, public trial)

BoR Amendment 7

Jury trial

BoR Amendment 8

Protection against excessive punishments

BoR Amendment 9

Powers reserved to the people (rights are not limited to those listed)

BoR Amendment 10

Powers reserved to the states (state governments get the powers not designated to the national government)

Federalist Paper 10 by James Madison

Discussed union as a safeguard against domestic faction and insurrection (“liberty is to faction what air is to fire”), need to control the effects of factions to preserve liberty, bigger republics are better

Federalist paper 51 by James Madison

Discusses checks and balances, “ambition must be made to counteract ambition”, men not angels, need to be able to control the government as well as the people it governs

Who was Washington’s Vice President?

John Adams, had little power

Examples of precedents set by Washington

Oath of office, title for president (Mr. President), relations with others branches (can’t participate in Congress), serve two terms, Farewell Address

Henry Knox

Secretary of War

Thomas Jefferson

Secretary of State

Alexander Hamilton

Secretary of Treasury

Edmund Randolph

Attorney General

Hamilton’s Financial Plan

tariffs and taxes (to support industry), national government assumes state debt, created a national bank

What compromise did Hamilton, Jefferson and Madison reach concerning Hamilton’s financial plan?

TJ and JM got the nation’s capital closer to the south, while AH got his financial plan

The Bank of the U.S. (Hamilton’s national bank)

it could: keep revenue from tariffs, strengthen government, give loans to businesses, issue paper currency, pay back lenders with interest

strict construction

The constitution should be interpreted strictly, the national government only has specifically stated powers (Jefferson and Madison)

loose construction

The constitution can be interpreted loosely, the national government can have powers that are implied (Hamilton and Adams)

Federalism

In the case of the US, the national and state governments have shared powers

Compact theory

The states voluntarily joined in a union, but did not give up their power, as the national government gets its power from the states.

Virginia and Kentucky Resolves

Created by Jefferson, allowed states to nullify federal laws, following the Alien and Sedition Acts