Nucleotides

What is a nucleotide?

A type of biological molecule

What 3 things make up a nucleotide?

Pentose sugar

Nitrogenous base

Phosphate group

What 5 elements do nucleotides contain?

C (carbon), H (hydrogen), N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus)

What do nucleotides make up?

DNA

RNA

What are both DNA and RNA types of?

Nucleic acid

What is the function of DNA?

Store genetic information

What is the function of RNA?

Makes proteins from the instructions in DNA

What is the name of the pentose sugar found in DNA?

Deoxyribose

What are the four possible nitrogenous bases for DNA?

Adenine (A) and Thymine (T)

Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G)

Draw the structure of a DNA nucleotide

What does a molecule of DNA contain?

2 polynucleotide chains

What is the name of the pentose sugar found in RNA?

Ribose

What are the four possible nitrogenous bases for RNA?

Adenine (A) and Uracil (U)

Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G)

What is an RNA molecule made up of?

Single polynucleotide chain

Draw the structure of an RNA nucleotide

What are the two types of bases?

Purine

Pyrimidine

Which nitrogenous bases are purines?

Adenine

Guanine

Which nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines?

Cytosine

Thymine

Uracil

What does a purine base contain?

2 carbon nitrogen rings joined together

What does a pyrimidine base contain?

one carbon nitrogen ring

Is a purine or a pyrimidine base smaller?

Pyrimidine

What type of nucleotides are ATP and ADP?

Phosphorylated nucleotides

How do you phosphorylate a nucleotide?

Add one or more phosphate groups to the nucleotide

How many phosphate groups does ADP have?

2

What are the components that make up ADP?

Ribose sugar

Adenine

2 phosphate groups

How many phosphate groups does ATP have?

3

What are the components that make up ATP?

Ribose sugar

Adenine

3 phosphate groups

Draw the structure of ADP

Draw the structure of ATP

What is used to make ATP?

The energy released from glucose during respiration

What does ATP prove in chemical reactions?

Energy

What is ATP synthesised from?

ADP + Inorganic phosphate

What happens to the ADP to form ATP?

Becomes phosphorylated

What bond forms when making ATP?

Phosphate bond

What is stored in the phosphate bond?

Energy

What are the products when breaking down ATP?

ADP + Inorganic phsophate

When is ATP broken down?

When the cell needs energy

How does the cell get energy after breaking down ATP?

Energy is released from the phosphate bond