Skeletal System- Anatamy

Support, Protection, Movement, Hematopoiesis, Storage

Functions of skeletal system

Cartilage

rigid, connective tissue, aids in support, framework for attachments, protection of underlying tissues, and is structure for model for developing bones

Hyaline cartilage

most common, found during bone growth and as articular cartilage (ends of bones), found in nose, trachea, and in joints

Elastic cartilage

more flexible than hyaline, found in larynx, and ear

Fibrocartilage cartilage

very rigid and tough, acts as a shock absorber for structures subjected to pressure, found in vertebra discs, knees, pubis

Axial skeleton

cranium, vertebral column, rib cage

Appendicular skeleton

structures that hold appendages and appendages (pelvic girdle, pectoral girdle)

Long bones

femur, radius

Short bones

fingers, carpals, metacarpals, tarsals, metatarsals, patella

Flat bones

cranium, scapula, ribs

Irregular bones

mandible, vertebrae

Foramen

hole that allows passage of blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments

Fossa

depression in a bone

Meatus

tube or passage through bone

Sinus

cavity within a bone

Process

a prominent projection on a bone

Head

at end of humerus and femur

Androgen

hormones effect on long bone growth in males

Estrogen

hormones effect on long bone growth in females

Fontanels/soft spot

cranium joints in young

Fibrous/sutures

cranium joints in old

Fibrous joints

immovable, in the cranium

Cartilaginous joints

slightly moveable, in between vertebra, 1st rib with sternum

Synovial joints

free movement, cartilage, ligaments in a fluid base to lubricate movement

Ball and socket, Hinge, Pivot

types of synovial joints

Compact bone

tightly packed type of bone

Spongy bone

looks like a sponge because of open spaces, help to lighten the bone and gives a place fro red bone marrow to occupy

Central canal

contains blood vessels, nerve fibers, lymph vessels

Lamella

concentric circles of bone in Osteon (layers)

Matrix

plasma, or gel-like filler between osteocytes (bone cells)

Lacuna

space filled by osteocytes

Canaliculi

cellular processes (extensions) that allow osteocytes to communicate with each other

Perforating canal

passageway that allows Osteons to take to each other

Osteoblast(s)

deposit bone, become osteocyte(s) when they are completely surrounded by bone

Osteoclast(s)

secrete acid that break down bone and release sorted Ca and send it to the blood stream