Mexico APCOGO flashcards

Patron-clientelism

When those in power offer benefits to citizens in exchange for political support.

Head of state

the symbolic representative of a country

Head of government

the key executive in the policymaking process

Cabinet head

an official appointed to run a government department with a specify policy area

Sexenio

The single six-year term for the mexican president

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)

A nonprofit group outside the government’s control

Chamber of deputies

The elected lower house of the Mexican Congress, which has the power to pass legislation, levy taxes, approve budget, and certify elections

Lower house

The legislative body in a bicameral system, usually has more members and is less exclusive than the upper house, but may have more power.

Senate

The elected upper house of the Mexican Congress, which has the power to confirm appointments, ratify treaties, and approve federal intervention in the states

Upper house

The legislative body in a bicameral system that typically has fewer members, is more exclusive, but less power than the lower house.

Civil society

Groups that form outside the government control

Mixed electoral system

A system for electing members of the legislature that includes both SMD and PR system elections.

Single-member plurality system (SMD)

A system in which the candidate who earns the most votes in a district wins a seat in the legislature

Proportional representation (PR) system

A system in which the seats in the legislature are awarded according to the percentage of votes a party receives.

Mandate

The broad support of the people who carry out proposed policies

Corporatism

A system in which the state controls interest groups and chooses the ones it wishes to recognize

Peak association

An organization authorized by the government to represent a group, such as labor, business, or agriculture.

Pluralism

A system in which groups are allowed to form and advocate for their interest outside of government control.

Political Culture

A set of collectively held attitudes, values, and beliefs about the government and politics, and the norms of behavior in the political system.

Civil Liberties

Fundamental rights and freedoms protected from infringement by the government

Civil Rights

Protections granted by the government to prevent people from being discriminated against when engaged in fundamental political actions, such as voting.

Social cleavage

A division in society among social factors such as ethnicity, class, religion, or language.

Political cleavage

A division among citizens according to political beliefs.

Economic Liberalism

Economic policies that support the free market and reduce trade barriers

Globalization

The increased interconnectedness of people, states, and economies

Protectionist economic policies

Policies designed to protect domestic industry and reduce foreign influence.

Nationalized industry

a state-owned company controlled by the government

Import substitution industrialism

enacting high tariffs and providing incentives to encourage the growth of domestic manufacturing

privatization

When a government transfers ownership and control of a nationalized industry to the private sector.

DTO

Drug Trafficking organization

TCO

Transnational criminal organizations.