ANAT & PHYS: ANATOMICAL MOVEMENTS

flexion

bending at a joint or decreasing the angle between two bones

extension

straightening a joint or increasing the angle between two bones

hyperextension

extending a joint beyond its normal range of motion

adduction

moving a body part toward the midline of the body

abduction

moving a body part away from the midline of the body

pronation

turning the arm or foot downward (palm or sole of the foot down)

supination

turning the arm or foot upward (palm or sole of the foot up)

retraction

moving a part backward

protraction

moving a part forward

elevation

raising a part

depression

lowering a part

rotation

turning on a single axis

cicumduction

tri-planar, circular motion at the hip or shoulder

external rotation

rotation of the hip or shoulder away from the midline

internal rotation

rotation of the hip or shoulder toward the midline

lateral flexion

side-bending left or right

inversion

turning the sole of the foot inward

eversion

turning the sole of the foot outward

dorsiflexion

ankle movement bringing the foot toward the shin

plantarflexion

ankle movement pointing the foot downward

radial deviation

movement of the wrist towards the radius or lateral side

ulnar deviation

movement of the wrist towards the ulna or medial side

opposition

movement of the thumb across the palm of the hand