US History Midterms

articles of confederation

the first constitution of the us

Legislative Branch

Makes the laws, Senate and House of Representatives

Executive Branch

signs or vetoes laws, president

Judicial Branch

interprets the laws and decides whether or not they are constitutional, Supreme Court

Ratifying the Constitution

2/3 request. 3/4 of state to agree to change

Federalists

in favor of the states united under a central authority
th dissolved after the War of 1812

Antifederalsits

likexd a weaker government

1st admendment

Freedom of speech, press, religion, peaceable assembly, and to petition

2nd Amendment

Right to keep and bear arms

3rd Amendment

No quartering of troops

4th Amendment

protection from unreasonable searches and seizures

5th Amendment

The Right to Remain Silent/Double Jeopardy, right to due process, self incrimination

6th Amendment

The right to a Speedy Trial by jury, speedy, public, and local trial, confront accusers, attorney

7th Amendment

Right to trial by jury in civil suits over 20 bucks

8th Amendment

No cruel or unusual punishment, excessive bail. fines

9th Amendment

Citizens entitled to rights not listed in the Constitution

10th Amendment

Powers not listed Reserved to the States

Who's James Madison?

wrote the bill of rights

Abolitionism

to end slavery

Emancipation

to free slaves

william Loyd Garrison

white radical abolitionist

the liberator

Garrison's newspaper

Frederick Douglass

African american, escaped slave, knew how to read and write, taught by masters wife

cult of domesticity

women should work at home, cooking and cleaning

temperance

no drinking

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

women's rights activist , suffragist

seneca falls convention

seneca falls, new york, 1848

declaration of sentiment

modeled after dec of indep. included women, read at convention

sojourner Truth

escaped slave who became an abolitionist and women's rights activist

purpose of the 13 colonies

to grow the british empire, establish new trading ports

mother country

The country from which colonists had been sent from

French and Indian War

between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.

george washington

1st President of the United States; commanded the army

Proclamation of 1763

law forbidding English colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains

Sugar Act

law passed by the British Parliament setting taxes on molasses and sugar imported by the colonies

Stamp Act

an act passed by the British parliament in 1756 that raised revenue from the American colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents

sons of liberty

secret society formed to oppose British policies

sam adams

A member of the Sons of Liberty

Boston Massacre

The first bloodshed of the American Revolution, British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans

Joseph Warren

Who warned Paul Revere the "British were coming", said "one if by land, two if by sea"

boston tea party

protest against increased tea prices in which colonists dumped british tea into boston harbor

intolerable coercive acts

In response to the Boston Tea Party - closed Boston harbor, removed governor

Minutemen

Member of a militia during the American Revolution who could be ready to fight in sixty seconds

paul revere

Boston silversmith who rode into the countryside to spread news of British troop movement.

Battle of Lexington and Concord

1st battle of Revolutionary War

battle of bunker Hill

First major battle of the Revolutions. Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition, and Bunker Hill was in British hands. British suffered more deaths.

Thomas Paine

Author of Common Sense

Declaration of Independence

Signed in 1776 by US revolutionaries; it declared the United States as a free state.

Thomas Jefferson

Wrote the Declaration of Independence
2nd VP 3rd President of the United States

Loyalists

American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence (TORY)

Espionage

the act of spying, especially a government spy obtaining secrets of another government

Battle of New York

British surrounded colonials on Long Island and forced them to retreat

Battle of Trenton

Washington's army surprised the Hessians on Christmas Day

lafayette

French soldier who served under George Washington in the American Revolution

valley Forge

Place where Washington's army spent the winter of 1777-1778, a 4th of troops died here from disease and malnutrition, Steuben comes and trains troops

Von Steuben

Military officer from Germany who trained American soldiers during the American Revolution.

benedict Arnold

American General who was labeled a traitor when he assisted the British in a failed attempt to take the American fort at West Point.

the battle of yorktown

1781 American victory in Virginia that forced the British to surrender, last major revolutionary war

true democracy

a system of government in which decisions are made directly by the people

republic

A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting

republicanism

A philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the will of the people. The government is based on consent of the governed.

Shay's Rebellion

A series of attacks on courthouses by a small band of farmers led by Revolutionary War Captain Daniel Shays to block foreclosure proceedings.

philadelphia constitutional convention

Decide how America was going to be governed.

popular sovereignty

Popular sovereignty is the principle that the authority of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, who are the source of all political power.

3/4 compromise

decided that 3/5 of all other persons counted when counting the total population

checks an balances

a way each branch can check or control the other two. another way the constitution limits the governments powers

electoral college

a body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president.

federalist papers

A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution in detail.

powers of the president

policy maker, executive order,commander and chief, head of executive branch, national party leader.

powers of the house

initiate revenue bills, impeach federal officials, and elect the President in the case of an electoral college tie

powers of the senate

confirm presidential appointments by a majority vote, approve treaties made by the president by a 2/3rds vote , hold impeachment trial to remove a president

Impeachment

A formal document charging a public official with misconduct in office

Presidential precedents

Things the President does, that are not necessarily required, but are done out of ritual.

What precedents did Washington set?

Cabinet as advisors
"Mr. President"
Inaugural Address
8 year max

john Adams

1st Vice-President
2nd President
Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts

judiciary act of 1789

An Act to Establish the Judicial Courts of the United States

Cabinet

A group of advisers to the president.

alexander hamilton

1st Secretary of the Treasury.
wanted national bank,
govt ot take on state debt, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.

election of 1796

The first real contested presidential election. Federalists support John Adams, Republicans support Thomas Jefferson. Adams wins, Jefferson becomes V.P.

bank of the united states

a national bank funded by the federal government and wealthy investors

whiskey rebellion

1794 protest against the government's tax on whiskey by backcountry farmers

french revolution

U.S. supported, reign of terror made US lose support

Pinckney's Treaty

Spain gave up claims to land east of the Mississippi River (except Florida), feared strong us/uk alliance

Ja's treaty

Washington dispatched John Jay to England due to unresolved issues from impressment

Sectionalism

Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole

Quasi-War

US and France fought an undeclared war that took place on the high seas, Led to the strengthening of the US Navy

XYZ Affair

American delegation was supposed to meet with French foreign minister Talleyrand, sent 3 low-level officials instead
demanded $250,000 in exchange for a meeting with Talleyrand, news of this insult reached America, it sparked a wave of anti-French sentiment

alien and Sedition Acts

Extended time needed for immigrants to become a citizen
President could jail or deport "undesirables"
Allowed the government to punish anyone whose words or actions were considered dangerous (DRs were targeted)

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.

Election of 1800

Jefferson and Burr each received 73 votes in the Electoral College, so the House of Representatives had to decide the outcome. The House, Hamilton chose Jefferson as President and Burr was Vice President.

Judiciary Act of 1801

increased the number of federal judges, allowing President John Adams to fill most of the new posts with Federalists

Midnight Judges

one of the judges appointed by John Adams in the last hours of his administration

Marbury v. Madison

establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

Judicial Review

review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act.

Louisiana Purchase

territory in western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million

Lewis and Clark Expedition

an expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark that began in 1804 to explore the Louisiana Purchase

Sacagawea

A Shoshone woman whose language skills and knowledge of geography helped Lewis and Clark

Hamilton and Burr Duel

Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel, Hamilton chose guns, during the duel Hamilton was killed on July 11, 1804, in new jersey

Chesapeake Incident

British Commander demanded to board and search US Naval frigate, the Chesapeake. When the US captain refused, the British shot 3 and wounded 18

Embargo Act of 1807

Ban on exporting goods to other countries (Lifted in 1809, but still in effect for trade with Britain and France)