Mr. A 2025-2026 Semester 1 Final Review

What is science described as?

One way to search for the truth

Name one other way to search for truth besides science.

Philosophy / religion / arts / literature

What is physics the study of?

How objects move

Who uses the scientific method?

Scientists

How is the scientific method described?

Step-by-step, rational, logical approach

What is the first step of the scientific method?

Problem (form a question)

How is a hypothesis written?

If…then…because

What is included in the experiment step?

Materials and procedure

What belongs in the data and results step?

Data tables, graphs, calculations

What is the purpose of the conclusion?

Answer the question using data

When did science begin?

Dawn of humanity

Which civilization contributed early science?

Ancient Greeks

Who discovered buoyancy?

Archimedes

Who explained movement?

Aristotle

Who proposed the geocentric theory?

Ptolemy

What does geocentric mean?

Earth-centered

Who proposed the heliocentric theory?

Copernicus

What does heliocentric mean?

Sun-centered

Who supported Copernicus with evidence?

Galileo Galilei

What is Newton known for?

Laws of motion & calculus

What did Einstein change the understanding of?

Motion (relativity)

What is accuracy?

How close to the true value

What is precision?

Consistency of measurements

Can something be precise but not accurate?

Yes

What is an observation?

Noticing or receiving data

What is interpretation?

Explaining meaning

Metric unit for mass

Gram

Metric unit for volume

Liter

Metric unit for length

Meter

What happens when moving LEFT in metric conversions?

Multiply

What happens when moving RIGHT in metric conversions?

Divide

How many centimeters are in one meter?

100 cm

How many meters are in one kilometer?

1,000 m

One kilometer equals how many centimeters?

100,000 cm

What prefix comes after kilo?

Mega

How many ounces are in a pound?

16 ounces

How many pounds are in a ton?

2,000 pounds

How many inches are in a foot?

12 inches

How many feet are in a yard?

3 feet

How many yards are in a mile?

1,760 yards

What is speed?

Distance ÷ time

Is speed scalar or vector?

Scalar

What is velocity?

Speed with direction

Is velocity scalar or vector?

Vector

What is instantaneous speed?

Speed at one moment

What is average speed?

Average of all speeds

What is constant speed?

Same distance each time interval

What is displacement?

Change from start to end position

What is a scalar quantity?

Size only

What is a vector quantity?

Size and direction

What is a resultant vector?

Combined effect of vectors

What is acceleration?

Change in speed or direction

Formula for acceleration

(vf − vi) ÷ t

What causes acceleration?

Change in speed or direction

What is inertia?

Resistance to motion

What does inertia depend on?

Mass

What is force?

A push or pull

Newton’s Second Law

F = m × a

What happens with balanced forces?

No change in motion

What is friction?

Force opposing motion

Which surface has more friction?

Rough surface

What is gravity?

Acceleration caused by mass

What is mass?

Amount of matter

What is weight?

Force of gravity on mass

Unit for weight

Newtons

Weight formula

mass × gravity

What is free fall?

Motion under gravity only

Do all objects fall at the same rate (ignoring air resistance)?

Yes

What is projectile motion?

Curved motion through air

Horizontal velocity in projectile motion

Constant

Vertical velocity in projectile motion

Changes due to gravity

Vertical velocity at highest point

0

Free-fall distance formula

d = ½gt²

Vertical velocity formula

v = vi − gt

What happens to inertia as mass increases?

Inertia increases

What happens when force increases?

Acceleration increases

How does gravity change with distance?

Decreases as distance increases