bioethics - euthanasia

ordinary care

It is the basic treatment and procedure that can be rendered to the patient that can help prolong the patient’s life. Must be provided as much as possible

extraordinary care

Mostly invasive treatment that can help prolong a patient’s life

extraordinary care

CPR, Experimental treatment, ventilators, dialysis etc. are examples of?

cardio-pulmonary resuscitation

Resuscitation efforts are used to reverse the clinical sign of death (loss of spontaneous respiration, loss of cardiac function & unconsciousness)

withholding life support

• Refers to never initiating a treatment

• Advance Directive/Living Will

• Decision of the relatives

• Is withholding life support euthanasia?

withdrawal of life support

• Refers to stopping a treatment once started

• Same as withholding life support, it is decided by the relatives or by the patient via advance directives

counseling

providing emotional support

education

to understand the course of disease

palliative care

• Assure patient of the safety of management;

• Mental diversion, music, and play therapy; Multidisciplinary Approach

• Manage expected / common complications

• Physical exercise and proper physical movements;

pharmacologic management

Multimodal Analgesia.

Relieve pain with opioids by titration, providing maintenance dose via various routes: oral, enteral, IV, subcut;

Deliver opioids, ketamine, benzodiazepines, dexmedetomidine using Patient-Controlled Analgesia pump via or subcutaneously

eu

means good, well, nice, or merciful in euthanasia

thanatos

means death or killing, the easy death or the good death

euthanasia

It is the act or practice of ending the life of a person, either by a lethal injection or suspension of medical treatment.

active euthanasia

It is when death is brought by an act, for example, taking a high dose of drugs, lethal injection.

active euthanasia

To end a person’s life by the use of drugs, either by oneself or with the aid of a physician. patient can be conscious or unconscious

active voluntary & active non-voluntary euthanasia

types of active euthanasia

passive euthanasia (omission)

When death is brought by an omission

passive euthanasia (omission)

When someone lets the person die, this can be done by withdrawing or withholding treatment.

active euthanasia

known as mercy killing

passive voluntary & passive non-voluntary euthanasia

types of passive euthanasia

physician-assisted suicide

another name for assisted suicide

assisted suicide

means a doctor knowingly helps someone end their life. This person is likely experiencing persistent and unending suffering. They may have also received a terminal illness diagnosis. Their doctor will determine the most effective, painless method.

assisted suicide

In many cases, doctors will provide people with a drug they can take to end their lives. A lethal dose of opioids, for example, may be prescribed for this. In the end, it’s up to the person to decide whether they take the drug.

issues in euthanasia

• Religious Beliefs and Morality

• Christianity

• Islam

• Shinto

• Judaism

• Washington

• Oregon

• California

• Coloado

• Monrtana

• Vermont

• Washington, D.C.

• Hawaii (beginning in 2019)

states in the US where PAS is legal in

• Switzerland

• Germany

• Japan

countries outside the US where PAS is legal in

• The Netherlands

• Belgium

• Luxembourg

• Colombia

• Canada

countries outside the US where euthanasia, including PAS is legal in

advance directives

Is a legal document in which a person specifies what actions should be taken for their health if they are no longer able to make decisions for themselves because of illness or incapacity.

advance directives

are written, legally- recognized documents that state your choices about health-care treatment or name someone to make such choices for you if you are not able to do so

purposes of advance directives

appointment of a health care proxy

Make decisions and guide doctors about life-sustaining procedures in the event of terminal condition, persistent vegetative state, and end-stage condition, i.e, DNR, Pain management, Organ Donation, Euthanasia.

health care proxy

It is a document (legal instrument) with which a patient appoints an agent to legally make health care decisions on behalf of the patient, when he or she is incapable of making and executing healthcare decisions stipulated in the proxy.

living will (health-care directives)

- Restricted directive

- Decision about life sustaining procedure in the event of the patient is in impending doom

the patient and witnessed by 2 persons that cannot be related to the patient or expect to inherit anything from the patient & cannot be a staff of the hospital

the health care directive must be signed by?